Analysis of Albert Ellis’s Life Experiences and Psychological Philosophies Essay

At the age of 12 his parents divorced (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). These two life-altering events were, in part, what led him to begin focusing his mind on understanding people (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In junior high Albert Ellis dreamed of becoming a great novelist (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997) but by the time he reached college age, he decided it might be more practical to become an accountant instead. However, he planned to retire by the age of 30 so that he could then take up writing at his own leisure (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). Due in part to the Great Depression, his goals changed but he did go on to graduate college in 1934 with a degree in business (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). After graduation he and his brother became entrepreneurs and started their own business. They sold pants purchased from the garment district (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In 1938 a gift and novelty firm employed him as their personal manager. Some of his controversial articles included The Influence of Heterosexual Cultures on the Attitudes of Homosexuals (1951) and Prostitution Re-assessed (1951) both of these articles were written for the International Journal of Sexology (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis’ writings were groundbreaking material that opened the door to the sexual revolution of the 1960s and the gay and lesbian rights movement in the 1970’s (Ellis 1992). These writings were controversial at that time and may have stigmatized or put a negative label on Albert Ellis. However, these writings as well as references from his friends was how he formed his client base (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Most of Albert Ellis’ early clients were individuals and couples suffering from sex, love and marital problems (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis also grew his private practice through publicity from his talks, workshops, radio, and television presentations which led to referrals from a number of psychologists with whom he had no personal relationship with (Ellis 1997). Besides maintaining a full-time private practice, Albert Ellis also found the time to become the first Chairman of the first Committee on Private Practice of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Ellis 1997). During that time he conducted a study of the members of the American Psychological Association (Ellis 1997). This study showed that only 56% of the American Psychological Association members were engaged in some kind of paid private practice, and only 30% devoted 20 or more hours a week (Ellis 1997). Only a few individuals including Albert Ellis were in full-time private practices (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis also worked with Reverend Ilsley Boone on a New York District Federal Court to legally sell nudist magazines (Ellis 1997)_. _ They lost the New York District Federal court case and immediately start working on a brief for the United States Supreme Court and alternately reversed and New York district Federal Court decision (Ellis 1997). This was a major victory for nudists across the country (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis quickly became an â€Å"Idol† for many American nudists (Ellis 1997). Philosophical and Psychological Beliefs Albert Ellis experimented with various forms of psychotherapy keeping therapies that he believed work better than others and disregarded everything else. Albert Ellis began building his own therapeutic process and started questioning traditional Freudian psychoanalysis. In 1953 Albert Ellis started calling himself a â€Å"psychotherapist† instead of the traditional â€Å"psychoanalyst† label (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis thought that this change of title would separate him from the classical psychoanalytic practices (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis had a passion for reading early philosophy e. g. Epictetus and Spinoza (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1992). Albert Ellis also read famous works from the leading psychologist of his time e. g. Alfred Adler and Karen Horney (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). His study of philosophy and psychology also led him to become interested in understanding the philosophy of happiness. Albert Ellis came to the conclusion that if an individual’s basic needs were met, the individual would be happy. He found that basic needs were only part of the equation for personal happiness. Albert Ellis then focused on negative thoughts. Albert Ellis thought that if people had a rational philosophy of life they would rarely be emotionally disturbed (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis formulated a theory that psychological issues and emotional issues of the individual were causing the negative thoughts or what Albert Ellis called irrational beliefs (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy Basics Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is a therapy in which individuals change their perceived believes about perceived negative events. Albert Ellis acquired several disabilities such as diabetes, tired eyes, deficient hearing, as well as other physical handicaps (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis used Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) to overcome his negative perceptions of his disabilities. † If you really accept it, and stop whining about it, you can turn some of its lemons into quite tasty lemonade† (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis used rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), on himself, in 1943 soon after he became a practicing psychologist (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is an important and useful therapy still used today. First, an individual must be aware of their irrational thoughts or explain to the individual that the way they perceive an event is irrational. Then, the individual must replace the irrational thought with rational thought. Finally the individual believes in â€Å"unconditional self acceptance (USA)† (Ellis 1997, 2004). Unconditional self acceptance (USA) is when an individual learns to accept and love their self for who they are rather than what they do. The unconditional self acceptance (USA) is reached when the low frustration tolerance (LFT) is raised and ultimately achieves high frustration tolerance (HFT) (Ellis 1997, 2004). The ABC’s of REBT Albert Ellis believed emotional problems that an individual suffers from are the link to a set of irrational beliefs held about themselves, others, and the world they live in. These rational beliefs perpetuate negative self talk in the individual’s consciousness. The negative self talk puts emphasis on â€Å"shoulds†, â€Å"oughts†, and â€Å"musts† of irrational thinking. Rational emotive behavioral therapy attempts to replace these irrational beliefs with new rational thoughts. The process of helping the client change their irrational believes is a two step process. The first step is setting up or choosing for themselves certain happiness producing values, purposes, goals, or ideals; and effective, flexible, scientific, logico-empirical [sic] ways to achieve these values and goals and upload boarding contradictory or self defeating result (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational beliefs or irrational beliefs shape who we are how we act. Albert Ellis created an ABC model to help both the client and the therapist engage and treat unrealistic, immature, and absolutist modes of thinking into realistic, mature, logical, and a realistic approach to thinking (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). The â€Å"A† in the ABC model refers to the â€Å"activating an event†. Activating events are events that trigger or cause our beliefs and perception. The Activating event could be a real situation that the individual had experience are could be inferred event were individual their own meeting contrary to what the situation was (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 2004). In Either case the activating event is negative stimuli cause by an event or situation triggers any irrational belief (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"B† in the ABC model is beliefs that shape an individual emotions and behaviors (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). In other word, an individual who experiences an activating event then forms a belief based upon that activating event affecting their decision-making about their consequences and/or reaction to other stimuli (Ellis 2004). These Beliefs can either be you’re rational or rational (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"C† in the ABC model stands for the consequences of the irrational beliefs (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). There are emotional and behavioral consequences, either positive or negative, to a set of beliefs about the activating event (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Individuals that suffer from irrational beliefs about a given situation will likely suffer from unhealthy negative emotions (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Unhealthy negative emotions are extreme emotions that can manifest themselves in a variety of forms e. g. guilt, anxiety, andor depression (Ellis 2004). The extreme negative feelings are so intense that the individual afflicted with these emotions often cannot function normally (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis does not believe that one should live a life free of negative emotions (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis believed that healthy negative emotions were emotions that were relatively â€Å"low in intensity† (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis believed that the healthy negative emotions experienced in a mentally healthy individual can modify behavior for the betterment of the individuals’ life (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis later added the (D), (E), and (F) to his ABC’s ofRational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"D† is disputing the irrational beliefs that the individual possesses about the activating event (Ellis 2004). The â€Å"E† or effect the person feels is only achieved when the individual or client successfully disputes the irrational belief and replaces the irrational belief with a rational belief (Ellis 2004). This will ultimately lead to a new effect in the persons behavior. The effect will then lead the individual to a healthier and happier way of feeling â€Å"F† (Ellis 2004). The application of the rational emotive behavioral therapy’s ABC model allows people to visualize how their reactions to events are formed (Ellis 2004). Once an individual visualizes how irrational beliefs are formed and changes their behavior negatively therapy will, more than likely, be successful. The 4 steps of applying the ABC model Rational emotive behavioral therapy is an approach that makes the client participates in an active role in the therapy process. There are four steps in applying the ABC model. As the client Progresses through the four steps will work through an individual’s irrational beliefs and use certain skills to combat any irrational beliefs that may arise after private counseling has ended (Ellis 2004). Step one is to reveal the individuals or clients irrational beliefs in their current mode of thinking (Ellis 2004). In many cases the individuals of clients have had these irrational beliefs for so long that they cannot distinguish their irrational beliefs from normal rational beliefs (Ellis 2004). Also when the individual or the client has family and friends reinforcing their irrational beliefs, even though the irrational beliefs may not fall into societal norms, only reinforces the idea that their irrational beliefs are rational or normal (Ellis 2004). The first step, basically, outlines the treatment plan and formulates a plan of action to dispute the irrational beliefs. Clients must be aware of their irrational and rational beliefs and distinguish the differences between the two different beliefs. In step two the client or individual expands their understanding of what is irrational and what is rational (Ellis 2004). This step is similar to step one, but step two the therapy is more in-depth and intense. In step two the client or individual must be made aware of their irrational beliefs and how the individuals’ irrational beliefs are perpetuating their own turmoil (Ellis 2004). If the client or individual continues to think unreasonable or irrational, they will repeat their irrational behavior and have continued unpleasant feeling that interrupt their normal way of life (Ellis 2004). In showing the individual or client the pattern of their irrational beliefs and the consequences their irrational beliefs impose on them is detrimental to the success of their treatment (Ellis 2004). Only when the client can distinguish the difference between rational beliefs and irrational beliefs, can realize that the negative problems they are having are in direct correlation with their irrational beliefs, and can see the pattern they follow when irrational beliefs are present (Ellis 2004). Step three begins once the previous objectives have been met. In step three the individual or client will learn how to stop illogical or irrational beliefs and change the irrational and negative pattern into a new logical and rational mode of thinking and behaving (Ellis 2004). This is achieved when the individual ceases the negative self talk and stop the irrational beliefs from affecting their mode of thinking (Ellis 2004). Many individuals have their irrational beliefs so embedded in their mode of behaving and their mode thinking that the individual may not even be aware that their irrational beliefs are irrational (Ellis 2004). The client with help from their therapist will attempt to identify the irrational beliefs from the rational beliefs (Ellis 2004). In the fourth and final step the client has identified their irrational beliefs (Ellis 2004). The client along with the help of the therapist, work to modify the clients negative way of thinking and identify and change the clients irrational beliefs into rational modes of thinking (Ellis 2004). The therapist works with the client until a new set of rational beliefs are fashioned (Ellis 2004). Once the irrational belief system is replaced by a more rational and logical belief system the client will notice negative feelings and negative behaviors change into a more positive feelings and positive behaviors (Ellis 2004). The rational emotive behavioral theapry techniques used by the therapist to dispute irrational beliefs can vary from client to client depending on the type of the client and modes of irrational thinking REBT Techniques Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy is a multimodal form of therapy (Ellis 2004). Some of the different techniques used in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy include â€Å"Disputing the client’s irrational beliefs†, â€Å"changing the language of the client†, and emotive techniques like â€Å"role playing† and â€Å"rational emotive inventory† (Ellis 2004). These different techniques can be used to modify several types or irrational behaviors caused by irrational beliefs e. g. anxiety, depression, anger, and addictions (Ellis 2004). These techniques show the client how to refute their irrational beliefs in a precise and rapid method. Disputing the client’s irrational beliefs technique is a technique that makes the client challenge their beliefs and modes of thinking (Ellis 2004). In this technique the therapist presents a series of questions such as: Why do you assume this? or Why must it be this way? When the client answers these questions the client start to realize that the way they are thinking is irrational (Ellis 2004). The language of the client technique disputes â€Å"the shoulds† and â€Å"the oughts† in the client’s way of thinking (Ellis 2004). In most cases the language used by the client forms their irrational way of thinking (Ellis 2004). By changing â€Å"the shoulds† and â€Å"the oughts† into wishes, wants, and desires may change the client’s irrational beliefs (Ellis 2004). Example of Self-Application of REBT The techniques outlined by Albert Ellis shows how simplistic but meaningful Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) can be (Ellis 2004). Take for example when Albert Ellis gets impatient or angry about his various limitations (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis says to himself: â€Å"Too damn bad! I really do not like taking all this time and effort to deal with my impairments and wish to hell that I didn’t have to do so. But alas, I do. It is hard doing so many things to keep myself in a relatively healthy condition, but it is much harder in the long run and much more painful and deadly, if I do not keep doing this. There is no reason whatsoever why I absolutely must have it easier than I do. Yes it is unfair for me to be more afflicted than many other people are. But, damn it, I should be just as afflicted as I am! Unfairness should exist in the world—to me, and to whomever else it does exist—because it does exist! Too bad that it does—but it does! † sic Albert Ellis lived a full and rich life filled with controversy and an outspoken attitude. Albert Ellis fought for gay and lesbian rights and the right to send uncensored or â€Å"obscene† mail through the Federal mail system. Albert Ellis was also one of the first individuals start their own private practice as a psychologist.

Applying Risk Management Essay

Risk management is an important element in managing information systems. Applying risk management principals to business procedures is essential because it helps organizations design and maintain a safe systems environment to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of company data. Kudler Fine Foods has expressed an interest in developing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The primary objective is to improve business administration by integrating stores and business systems. Kudler Fine Foods has three stores in California and integrating business functions across all stores would be extremely beneficial. This paper will outline the major factors and benefits by applying risk management principles to ensure a secure and effective system. Risk Management Principles According to Whitman and Mattord (2010), risk management is a collaborative effort involving Information security, information technology, management, and users. It is important to involve all of these areas to devise a comprehensive and effective risk management strategy. The major principles include identifying risks, quantifying risks, plan for risks, and monitor and manage risks. The first stage is risk identification. This is when the organization’s managers identifies all of its assets and classifies them into meaningful categories in addition to prioritizing them by importance. Assets include various components such as people, processes, data, and all elements of information technology. Gathering information on assets such as the people aspect processes, and data could be challenging because they are not always documented and readily available. The information gathered for people may include position titles, the title of his or her supervisor, security levels, and skills. Information collected  for processes may include procedure description, purpose, IT connections, document storage location for reference and updates. After listing out the assets, the next step is to classify them into categories such as people, data, software, and hardware and then classify each asset into sub-categories such as confidential, internal, and public. Applying value or impact to each asset is next by determining its criticality to the business. Questions that may help to assigning a value may include; â€Å"Which assets generates the highest profitability?†, or â€Å"Which asset would impede business functions if it were compromised?† Quantifying risks provides the framework for executives to make informed decisions in relation to cost and resources surrounding security. All of the steps outlined above is essential in the risk identification stage (Whitman and Mattord, 2010). After completing the risk identification process where all assets are identified and classified, the next phase is to determine the potential threat source and potential vulnerability. Some common threat sources include natural threats, human threats, and environmental threats. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (2002), a threat is an exploitation of a vulnerability caused by a threat source. The NIST publication suggests the following: identifying a threat source, indicating the motivation of source, and outlining the threat actions. This practice will help determine the likelihood of a threat taking advantage of a system vulnerability. Next in the process is identifying vulnerabilities. Vulnerability is a weakness or flaw in procedures or controls applied to a system. Identifying potential vulnerabilities will help an organization put controls in place to mitigate risks associated with vulnerabilities. Risk mitigation involves a systematic approach in reducing the exposure to a risk and the likelihood of it occurring. Mitigating defined risks is the gateway for the development of processes and controls to reduce the likelihood of a threat. Having prevention mechanisms that include policies and controls is best practice in regard to securing assets therefore it is critical that Kudler Fine Foods determines the best risk management process that fits their business requirements and needs. Because technology is consistently growing and changing, preventative measures must include flexibility to allow for change and growth. Without these considerations, a business could jeopardize themselves by restricting the ability to expand or even update the systems  with necessary security patches. Preventative measures should include future growth. As technology grows, risks increase. Protection mechanisms will change as new threats are introduced to business as well as new legislations. Many security standards are based on data protection regulations and as laws change or new laws are introduced, information technology is the most costly element in ensuring compliance. There could be costly ramifications with poor planning. Risk avoidance can be costly and inconvenient but it would be more costly and inconvenient when a security issue occurs. A risk assessment would be the first step to take when determining whether to chance a certain risk or not. Determining what the assets are and understanding the impact on the business if a security incident occurs is important. It is also important for businesses to understand regulations and what is necessary to comply with certain laws and requirements. Kudler Fine Foods must conduct risk analysis and ask themselves â€Å"What is the risk of not applying preventative measures?† and â€Å"What would it cost to recover from a certain attack?† Legal ramifications could result if a security breach occurs. This could include steep financial penalties as well as jeopardizing company reputation. The table below outlines examples of risk, vulnerability, and mitigation strategy. Risk Vulnerability Mitigation Strategy Hardware failure Hardware could fail and impede business. Systems could be unavailable for an undetermined amount of time. Create security policy to ensure all hardware is kept up to date with current patches and upgrades. User training Insufficient training of end-users leads to improper use of application which could compromise data or systems. Create detailed training documentation and implement a user training program. Ensure all users participate in training. Deliberate network attacks Potential Malware and Denial of Service attacks. Could lead to exposure of sensitive information. Implement policy to ensure adequate firewall  protection, anti-malware software, and install Intrusion Detection System. Conclusion It is important for businesses such as Kudler Fine Foods to employ a risk management strategy to protect its assets and reputation. Without an effective risk management process the company will be vulnerable to various threats. It is Kudler Fine Foods responsibility to determine what mechanisms should be applied and how it will maintain a secure environment for its own business objectives as well as meeting required regulations. The risk management process is the primary method in facilitating security objectives. References Whitman,M.E., & Mattord, H. J. (2010). Management of information security(3rded.). Boston, MA: Course Technology/Cengage Learning National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2002). Retrieved from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-30/sp800-30.pd

End of Course Assignment. Financial Markets and Risk Assignment

End of Course . Financial Markets and Risk - Assignment Example A number of recessions or financial crisis that has been witnessed across the globe is as a result of the Systematically Important Financial Institutions. It is axiomatic to argue that the financial crises of 2007/2008 just like the financial crisis of the 1930’s post a great dilemma for many observers and the world at large. Whether unprecedented or otherwise, the truth is that it brought with it great damage to the society. (Taylor, 2011) Adopting some of the best priorities to deal with the issues and avoid a repeat of the same is the main focus of different policy makers globally. The first section of the paper discusses the Systematically Important Financial Institution and threat they pose to the economy. The second phase looks at the 2007/2008 economic crisis and how the Systematically Important Financial Institution was responsible for it. It goes further to recommend some of the best ways to deal with the problem in the future. The definition and structure of the Systematically Important Financial Institution is dependent on the potential of the institution to cause financial destruction. An institution becomes more relevant when it has a high level or probability to cause serious destruction to the economy. On the positive side, Systematically Important Financial Institution is defined going by their relevant viability in leading to a smooth growth and functioning of an economy. Therefore the positive looks at the good part with regards to positive effects to the entire population. Both negative and positive sides reflect the question on whether the Systematically Important Financial Institution are necessary and are indispensable to any financial system or whether they are dangerous and should be done away with. In other words, Systematically Important Financial Institution can create some of the best sides of the

Financial accounting College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial accounting College - Essay Example n both the years because of economic recession and payment of debt which in the end can't help the company's perspective to hold the cash at the optimum level. Net Profit of the firm is fair enough in both the years but due to mismanagement or lack of operational management Fab Footwear Limited reported lower profit in the year 2008 but in the year 2009 Fab Footwear Limited's management revised its strategy and redefines its role in the business which in the end generates revenues at upside. No significant moment is observed in the payment of dividends to the stock holders. Inefficient and ineffective working capital management policies through out the period from 2008 to 2009 and I assume that this policy will not continue in the future. Fab Footwear Limited should adopt a strong strategy between trade debtors and trade creditors because in the end it makes an impression on the operating cycle of the firm. Task 2 NAME OF RATIO CALCULATION RATIO FOR 2008 RATIO FOR 2009 COMMENT ON EACH RATIO Current ratio 2008: 670/620 2009: 1520/1900 1.08 0.8 Fab Footwear Limited current ratio is slightly lower in the year 2009 as compared with the year 2008 and indicates a lower margin of safety with respect to meeting current obligations. Fab Footwear Limited current ratio will not allow them to take more debt as compared to previous years. The overall condition of current ratio reveals the fact that the current ratio which is not stable and healthy as compared to the previous years Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. (2001). Quick ratio 2008: 670-(180+100)/620 2009: 1520-(600-120)/1900 0.63 0.42 Fab Footwear Limited quick ratio is higher in the year 2008 as compare with the year 2009. The reason behind this decline is the improper working capital management which makes the...The overall condition of current ratio reveals the fact that the current ratio which is not stable and healthy as compared to the previous years Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. (2001). Fab Footwear Limited quick ratio is higher in the year 2008 as compare with the year 2009. The reason behind this decline is the improper working capital management which makes the quick ratio less attractive in the last two years. The overall signal of Fab Footwear Limited liquidity is not good and it sends a negative signal towards the debt holders and also on the debt market. Moreover, this liquidity crunch problem creates a hurdle for the company in near future. The condition of Fab Footwear Limited working capital is fair in the year 2008 but in the year 2009 the working capital ratio is in negative zone. The reason behind this is the higher dependency on the debt which unstable the company's financial condition. The pivotal reason behind this negative impact of the working capital is the improper cash, stock and debt management Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. (2001). This ratio is also called the net profit margin. Net profit margin ratio shows the level of profits that the company is able to earn from every amount of sales.

Prosecution of Drug Cases inside and outside of the Court System Essay

Prosecution of Drug Cases inside and outside of the Court System - Essay Example The conclusion will entail what the best tactics are found to be to keep drug trafficking and abuse down to a minimal problem in society. One main problem with illegal drug distribution and correct prosecution is that judges have to do a job that would normally take two of them. Illegal immigrants are constantly smuggling drugs in over the border, and the state of Arizona is swamped with cases in the federal court because of this issue (Gustos 2001). Because of this and the lack of judges many offenders on this charge walk, which leads to many more complications. The border courts don't even prosecute some of these offenders (in certain areas) unless they have been apprehended at least ten times. Therefore the border control is left with a heavy burden outside the court system. They officially file how many times an offender has been arrested and when it reaches the ten mark limit they will go to trial and be federally prosecuted (Gustos 2001). The South West Border initiative, which was launched by the Clinton Administration, works well outside of the court system by controlling what comes across the border and who. However, even though this iniative helped keep control of the criminal drug activities seeping into America, it did little to helping the Federal Court system because there remained a shortage of judges while there was an increase in border control officers, immigration officials, and drug enforcement administration agents. It is the border control itself that seems to be the strongest point of the U.S. in gaining control of the drug trafficking problem. Containing those who would distribute drugs inside the U.S., at the border, is where the federal government is focusing its strengths to minimize this heavy concern and to also lift some of the burden from the border control court system. To further assist inside the courts there are two versions of a bill from 2001 which were introduced to the House and Senate for approval. This has allowed for 18 more judges to be instated into the border court system to properly prosecute these cases (Gustos 2001). The Actions of the Court System on Drug Cases The court system has found an alternative to incarceration and it is found to be that for those with lower drug charges, they are better suited for rehabilitation by psychological counseling rather than serving jail time (Koopman 2006). The Behavioral Court system works with offenders who obviously have mental incompetence of their actions and criminal behaviors. The greatest achievement of this specific courts process is how well they have the offender monitored for continuing drug use by the courts three person staff (Koopman 2006). These types of offenders receive the proper treatment; go through rehabilitation services, as well as mental health clinic agencies to achieve a life free from drug abuse and criminal interactions with it. In this regard

Employability in a Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employability in a Knowledge - Essay Example Now a days education is not only looked upon a very fulfilling profession but has also become very competitive and lucrative. Given my abilities and interest areas, I feel that I possess all the pre requisites that are considered essential to succeed in this line. I have always been passionate about teaching and interacting with children comes naturally to me. Through this noble profession I will not be making a living but also doing something for the society as a whole. In my own small way I will be responsible for shaping the future of the nation. This thought is one of the major driving forces for my passion towards teaching. Also I , as an individual, has this thirst for continuous learning and development thereby broadening my horizon and enhancing my knowledge. I feel that this profession would fulfill this need of mine as one of the major demands of teaching as a profession is to continuously upgrade your knowledge and to be in synch with the changes and developments happening at around you. There is a need to constantly keep yourself updated and enhance your skills and knowledge if you have to succeed in the line of education. In order to succeed in a career of ones choice is it absolutely critical to understand how one can stay employable irrespective of the economic scenario and labor market conditions. ... a profession , one only needs to have the requisite qualification and skills that are required to fulfill the demands and the requirements of the concerned job. This definition is incomplete because it does not take into consideration the relationship between employability and the prevalent economic scenario. The economic situation of any country tends to have a significant impact on the labor markets thereby affecting the employability of people. It is a true case of demand and supply. During times of labor shortages, even the unemployed will be able to get decent jobs and when there are shortages of jobs, the highly employable people also might find themselves without any job. Secondly employability of an individual does not only depend on his qualifications but also how competent he is as compared with others who are applying for similar positions.These two important dimensions are not acknowledged in the definition provided by Hillage and Pollard. Drawing from the above argument the definition of employability given by Brown et al is more comprehensive and takes into account all factors that have a significant impact on this concept of as well as highlighting those aspects which graduates must consider to ensure the success of their professional careers. Firstly according to Brown at al employability is not only dependent on individual characteristics rather it possesses two dimensions namely absolute and relative. Therefore employability among graduates not only is a function of skills and qualifications but also depends on the capability of an individual to find and maintain different kinds of employments.The second important concept of employability as defined by Philips Brown is with respect to positional competition. He is of the opinion that employability

What Role does Bundle Sheaths Play in C4 Plants Essay

What Role does Bundle Sheaths Play in C4 Plants - Essay Example Bundle sheath cells are the major site of refixation of the CO2 and C4 acid decarboxylation. The mesophyll cells also concentrate the CO2 and send it to the bundle sheath cells. NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) are expressed in the bundle sheath cells of the C4 plants. They are the major enzymes responsible for the refixation of the CO2 from the C4 acid. (Nomura et al. 2005). In C4 leaves, each vein is surrounded by a ring of the bundle sheath cells surrounded again by the mesophyll cells. These bundle sheaths have the chloroplasts arranged centrifugally with the large starch granules and unstacked thylakoid membranes. In the bundle sheath cells ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) enzyme accumulates extensively. The specific enzyme activity can be easily determined by using the non aqueous fractionation techniques and pulse labeling techniques. (Majeran et al. 2005).

Raising the Ante Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Raising the Ante - Case Study Example The cost of reimbursement of women within the firm needs be analysed in relation to the financial situation of the firm. The suffering of these women in relation to gender discrimination is important to be evaluated (Shaw, 419). As a board member within the firm accommodating the views of Ms. Warren would impact on the performance of the firm. Additionally, is considered as being wise for the firm to compensate the employees in terms of salaries for the present discriminations since the board is not accountable for the past discriminations that were levelled to women by a different board. Hence as a board member my decision would be for the firm to make compensations in terms of salaries for the present discrimination of women in the firm (Shaw, 419). In relation to the case study the board members are facing an ethical dilemma. The ethical dilemma involves a conflict between the mental ethics and moral obligations. Discrimination in terms of gender is morally wrong and not accepted globally. Discrimination within the workplace leads to demotivation thereby affecting the productivity of the firm. The ethical issues in the case study relates to unequal treat of workers within the firm. The theory of egoism by Adam Smith is based upon the premise that the goodness or badness of something is founded upon the satisfaction of the needs of individuals. In this case the actions of Ms. Warren can be considered as being right due to the fact that it would bring benefits to herself and other employees in the firm (Shaw, 420). Ms. Warren presentation to the board was based on the impression that the other employees in the firm supported her proposal. However, in real sense that was not the case as other employees in the firm were of the opinion that the readjustment of salaries was unfair and were willing to forget the past and concentrate on the present. Therefore through her false impression that Ms. Warren presented

Inside and Out Essay Example for Free

Inside and Out Essay We all like to have a good time. Whether it is with our friends, significant others, or our families, we all need to relax. Being a young adult myself I have learned to make wiser decisions about my party time based on prior experiences. After having gone to the clubs, the bars, the pool halls, and the raves I now know that where the real party is at is inside the comfort of your own home where you are the one in control and are not subject to some of the expenses that going out can bring. I think the biggest two aspects that I have to decide between now in my life is going out to dinner and a movie versus hanging out with the same people at the house. Being in control means not getting yourself into predicaments that you normally wouldnt put yourself in. The first predicament I can think of putting myself in when going out is my money situation. Being the young person that I am I have not been given the opportunity yet in my life to be making the mega bucks. Thirty to Forty dollars a night to go to dinner and a movie may not seem like much to some, but for someone who makes on average two-hundred dollars a week and has some hefty bills to pay, thats a big deal. Why would someone want to go out, spend twenty dollars on dinner then $8.50 per person on a movie when they could just as easily stay home rent a movie for about $4.00 for everyone to watch, and cook a meal that cost twenty dollars to feed everyone? On the other hand, when you do go out, although you do spend a little more, it is also a less time-consuming process and easier on the host or hostess. Instead of having to go to the store to get the ingredients for dinner, going to rent a movie then coming home and preparing dinner, you instead just scout from place to place and do what you have to do. Also, going to a restaurant can be a little relaxing from time to time because you have someone to serve you and you have nothing to worry about but basking in good conversation. There is no mess to pick up or dishes to do once the dinner is over. Another advantage would be that at the theater there is a bigger screen. Im not too sure if bigger is better to everyone, but I do enjoy a good theater flick from time to time on those oversized screens. Also, when in the theater you get to savor the rich buttery popcorn that only the theater can provide, although it costs another pretty penny. Another great advantage to staying in is the people. Its such a good time when you have people who are appreciative of you as their host or hostess. Renting a good film and serving a fabulous meal is the epitome of a good night for me and my family and friends. Be it a nice southern barbeque dinner or fancy chicken cordon bleu that I prepare, it seems as though my guests always feel satisfied. It makes a person feel good and is often times relaxing to realize that something theyre doing brings joy to others. To know that you are the one that put the smile on their face or the one who made sure they had a good day is an awesome feeling. Not many other feelings top that one for me. Whether you stay in or go out be sure to relax and have a good time. Thats really what being with the ones you love and care about is all about. Make sure to mix things up a bit so that it doesnt get too monogamous staying in. Also when going out make sure to take just enough money that you can afford to spend or youll wind up broke until pay day. Whatever it is that you do, make sure it is not stressful. Remember, having fun means relaxing, no matter how you do it.

Nature Of The Airline Industry Tourism Essay

Nature Of The Airline Industry Tourism Essay This report identifies the business environment and draws comparisons of the airline industry pertaining to countries, India and China. An attempt has been made to put forth the analyses of the broad macro-environment factors of the industry in terms of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors (PESTEL). Apart from the above, the Five Forces analysis has been carried in order to assess the attractiveness of the industries and understand their potential for change. The Airline industry with relevance to this report comprises of air transportation which includes both scheduled and chartered flights but excludes air freight transportation. The Focus of this report is to provide an outline of the present environmental conditions in terms of the nature of the airline industry, its structure, outlining the strategies employed by the players in the airline industry to sustain in tough economic environment and make an attempt to forecast the future environmental conditions. Our prime justification to compare the industry from India and China lies in our belief that the two countries would and probably are transforming the global economy in the 21st Century. India and China have achieved growth which fared twice as much as the global economy growth. A huge and demanding consumer class is also pushing the economy northwards and it is essential for the countries to meet the aspirations of a demanding economy. Overview of the Global Airlines Industry For the past two years, 2008 and 2009, Airline Industry was negatively affected by the economic downturn and the oil price hike. Now that the global economy is showing signs of recovery, demand for air travel is increasing from the previous years depressed levels. Combating the recessionary effect has not been easy as various measures like cutting costs; slashing capacity and increasing load factor were adopted by the airline companies globally. Global Airline industry reported revenues of USD 380.5 Billion in 2009, achieving a Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.5% for the period 2005-2009 (Datamonitor, Global Airlines Industry). The total number of passengers in the Airline Industry for the year numbered 2002.7 million and the numbers are expected to grow at a CAGR of 5% to 2551.5 million passengers by end of 2014. Strong rivalry and supplier power characterizes the global airlines industry. Even though there are large number of buyers, Product differentiation is minimal and involves negligible switching costs. It also leaves the carrier vulnerable to reduction in demand in the industry which is sensitive to the wider economy. Supplier power in the global airlines industry is strong as reliability and safety of the flights are critical. Entrances to the airlines industry are restricted due to economic barriers. The up-front costs are huge and substantial financial backing is required to cover the initial costs and ex penses henceforth from there. Airline companies today are forming alliance with other companies with the intention to achieve diversified network of operations, scale economies in terms of purchase of fuel, and even sharing of aircraft to reduce the power of the supplier. Code sharing has risen as a phenomenon catching up in the Asia Pacific region of the world where companies are forming alliances with other carriers around the world. Consolidation is a major opportunity for the players in the airline industry to increase their revenues, cost savings and enhance competitive position. The global airlines industry is projected to benefit the service providers as there is a new customer base in the present arising from the emerging economies which will fuel the growth of the industry and would see emergence of new players giving more competition to the existing ones. With continued and sustainable demand for air travel, Airline companies would see opportunities which would be coherent with the rising aspirations of people. The Indian Aviation Story In the year 2003, the whole world celebrated the centenary year of the powered flight. Indians had to wait for more than a decade to see the first aircraft airborne from the Indian soil. In the early December of the year 1910, a group of people from Belgium and England came to India with several airplanes. The idea was to showcase the marvel of a flying object and to explore business opportunities from it. Planes were showcased after assembling its parts. The groups were able to have a successful trip as their products were well received and were brought in by the royalties in India. It was December 15th 1932 when the first flight in India taken off under the name of Tata Aviation, which later went on to become Air India. Tata Aviation was started by JRD Tata after much protracted negotiations with the government of India. Eventually, during 1953, an act of nationalizing all the airlines was passed in the parliament and Tata Aviation went on to become Air India which then served the international traffic. The Indian Airline industry has come a long way today. In the year 2009, Indian Airline industry grew by 9% to reach the value of USD 7 billion. It grew by 35.5% to reach a volume of 73.8 million passengers. By 2014, it is forecasted to have a value of USD 17.9 billion and volumes of 156.2 million passengers. The Indian Airline industry experience growth even after seeing a period of decline in 2008. While the growth rate of Indian Airlines industry was far better than that of China, The airline industry in India could achieve merely one thirds of revenue when compared to the Chinese Airline industry. Like the global airlines industry, Indian airlines industry is characterized by strong rivalry and supply power, the buyers being leisure travelers and business travelers while fuel suppliers, aircraft manufacturers and skilled employees as the key suppliers. High Price sensitivity due to product differentiation being minimal strengthens the power of the buyers. Supplier power is strong as airlines enter into contracts with the suppliers and the industry lacks alternatives or substitutes. Price sensitivity is high and availability of alternative strengthens the buyer power. The entrance into the market poses economic barriers as there needs to be solid financial back up to enter into this industry. Distributions and establishing networks and booking presence regionally are of critical importance for the success of a company. Rivalry in the Indian Airline industry is strong and has increased since the presence of the low cost carriers. Costs are the determining factor for airlines as the Indian consumer today is more price conscious than ever. Over the past two decades, the Indian Airline industry has experienced both stagnation and unprecedented growth. The potential for growth in the Indian Airline industry remains strong as with massive population with growing incomes only adds to the fact that the Airline Industry has a long way to go. Currently, only 2% of the Indian population prefers to fly by air. Between the year 2003 and 2006, Indian Airlines industrys open sky policy opened the floodgates for the arrival of new start up carriers which changed the face of the industry beyond recognition. Liberalization in terms of allowing the domestic carriers to go international and allowing the international carriers greater access to the domestic market spurned the industry to achieve double digit growth. However, the increase in traffic increased the top line of the players in the industry, but due to low margins, lower yields, inadequate airport infrastructure and lack of trained pilots and engineers saw many of the compani es bleeding with negative bottom lines. As rising oil prices in the year 2008 hurt airlines all over the world, Indian tax systems made the matters even worse as it added 60% of total costs. Carriers were left with no other alternative but to pass on the burden to the customers who in turn chose alternative forms of transportation leading to 10-12 percent drop in traffic. A more positive environment is starting to emerge as the Centre for Asia pacific Aviation (CAPA) report suggests. According to CAPA, the airline industry is India is on the path of recovery as figures from the mid year 2010 have suggested. Better operating environment, with gradual upgrade of airspace and ground access development, would only help carriers achieve faster turnaround and higher aircraft utilization. The potential lies in the Indian Airlines Industry with CAPA predicting the industry having 1000 planes from 400 in the present and 4 times increase in traffic from the current trends. The performance of the industry is forecasted to accelerate and drive the industry to create positive value for the service providers as well as the customers. Environmental Analysis An assessment of external macro environment can be carried out by analyzing the Political, Economic, Social Technological factors. These factors are beyond a company or an industrys controls and sometimes can pose as threats. Following are the PEST analysis for the Indian Airline Industry. Political Factor In India, Political interference has effects of all the major industries. The airline industry in general is very susceptible to the political environment of a country. A country with unstable political environment can cause doubts in the minds of the traveler to travel to that particular country. India in particular has had to go through a lot in the recent years with mounting tensions with its western neighbours. The 26/11 terrorist attack on the financial capital of India has a profound impact on the airlines industry. Another example of political factor causing problems for the Airlines Industry in India lies in the corrupt state of affairs that lies in the administration. Bribes have to be paid to obtain licenses and permits. Even recently, one of the most respectable businessmen in the world, Mr. Ratan Tata complained about the corruption problem which discouraged him to start his own Airline Company. It was alleged that the civil aviation minister had asked Mr. Tata a sum of I NR 1.5 million as a bribe to give permit to start air services. State owned airline companies suffer the most because of this problem as due to political pressure, the government companies have to give special consideration with respect to route selection, offering free seats to the ministers etc. The state owned airline companies cannot stand up to the archaic laws, regulations and trade unions which in past have held the state owned enterprises on ransom. Currently, In terms of Investment FDI of 100% is allowed in the Airline Sector under the automatic route for Greenfield projects. Economic Factors Airline Industry is greatly impacted by the business cycles. It is considered a luxury to fly during the recession which then leads to cuts in spending eventually leading to reduction in the air fares. During prosperity, People spend more and that leads to increase in air fares. Recent global recession has had a deep impact on all the major industries in the world. Aviation Industry too had its own share of set backs. Corporate travelers were cutting back on travel which would save costs and leisure travelers had deferred their travel plans. Even a company like Citibank in India had to cut down its costs to increase its profits for which even the top managers were allowed only to travel by train. The loss of income due to economic factors forced the airline companies to execute the corporate restructuring program which resulted in several employees being laid off. Turnaround time, maintenance costs, jet fuels costs, staff costs, benefits costs etc. are some of the expenses which the airline companies have to take into consideration while pricing their air tickets. Anything below these costs the company losses which makes the company unsustainable in the industry/ Social Factors India, being a diverse country has people coming from different parts of the country with different culture, language, food and preferences. Airline industry need to understand this along with the fact that there are people with varied income group and their needs should be served accordingly. India is a land of extremes with people coming from different walks of life. For example, a person subscribing to Jain religion needs to be served a special Jain food and it could be kept in mind that the person sitting next to him can be a vegetarian. One of the finer examples can be drawn from South West Airlines which is a low frills airlines which has created a niche for itself in that segment. It has also successfully augmented its marketing mix strategy which has done wonders for it. Technological Factors Internet has opened avenues for the airlines industry in a way which could never have been comprehended. For Example, Jet Lite has introduced a service on its website where it auctions few unreserved seat on the flight one week prior to the departure date. Almost all airline companies offer their services through the internet. Right from booking the ticket to choosing the seat where one would prefer to sit on the flight. Apart from this, choosing the food from the menu can also be selected through the internet. Another good example of the impact of technology would be that of the Airport Authority of India, which with the help of technology was able to lease out its obsolete and unused hangers to international airlines thereby making huge profits out of the same. Technology development helps reduce costs, saves time and enhances service performance which is critical in a competitive industry like the Airlines industry. Porters Five Forces Michael Porter introduced a framework that models a sector or an industry as being influenced by five forces. This analysis has five-core element. These are 1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 2. New Entrants 3. Threat of Substitutes 4. Competitive Rivalry 5. Bargaining Power of Customers Bargaining Power of Suppliers Suppliers for the Indian Airlines industry like other locations around the world as far as flight manufacturers are concerned are very limited. Globally, Airbus and Boeing are the only suppliers of aircraft which suit the industry requirements. There is limited bargaining opportunity for the Airline Industry in India hence is a threat for the industry. New Entrants It was difficult for a new player to enter the Airline Industry in India. There were lots of barriers to entry. Capital Investment to enter this industry is very high but banks have increased the possibilities to avail short term or long term loans with less interest rate thereby increasing the threat of new entrants in the present markets. Threat of Substitutes International routes do not have any threats as there is hardly any other form of feasible transportation available. However, Domestic travel can be competitive as high airfares encourage customers to look for alternatives ways to get to their destinations. Rail Road are probably the only feasible option available as they are only economical for shorter distances. A customer would prefer to travel long distance via road or rail only if the time factor allows the customer to take the alternative options. Competition Rivalry Rivalry within the industry is pretty intense at the moment as all the airlines are vying for attract customer by offering lower fares, membership privileges, free meals on board and other additional benefits to grab the customer from the competitors. Bargaining Power of Customer Indian travelers are highly price sensitive. With availability of many airlines to choose, cheaper price difference might just switch the customer to choose from one airline to another. Customers have some chance of bargaining in the domestic market as competition is intense in it whereas International routes gives less operations to bargain.

Goal Setting And Time Management

Goal Setting And Time Management Goal setting tools is definitely recommended. It doesnt really challenege show up were talking about. But goal setting tips is very important on the subject of time management. When you are aware your goals, you are in a better position to accomplish all the jobs that you should accomplish. The first thing is always to gain an understanding of tips on how to reach the best time management skills goal setting. Ahead of starting your goals, you should give some thought in regards to what it is that you will need for getting done. Exist many tasks in front of yourself on the day? Would you enjoy making better technique time youve in front of you? Are you interested in creating more a while that you could put to personal use? Questions honestly will let you build your goals properly. It is when youre conscious of what you look for to complete the actual goal setting tools should commence. Deal with your short-term goals to start with. Is it possible to do multiple of those with a given day? If you do, do this. Keep things simple. That is going to assist you to keep motivated but not get bogged down by details. Once these short-term goals are accomplished, its time to visualize your long-term goals. Dont be bogged down by too many short-term goals at the same time. You wish to have a good reason for staying motivated while you are wanting to accomplish something which requires longer than normal. Time management ideas goal setting tips means, among other things, ways to challenge yourself but not to begin making things look impossibly difficult. A lot of easy chores can undermine your motivation, but goals which may be too formidable may pave the way for failure. So make sure that your ultimate goal is realistic. This can be always a good idea. One other good idea is, needless to say, to make it rewarding when you fulfill a certain task. The reward ought to be like the goal achieved. A compact task done might require you can forget reward than an soft serve ice cream cone. If its been a big deal, purchase to something you might have been wanting for many years, something like a whole new computer. Time management skills setting goals is amongst the things that can make your life more stimulating in a very general way. Knowing tips on how to create your goals, you will stay away from the miseries that a great many people experience if they are not managing their time in addition to they need to. Personal time management and Setting goals the proper way There are numerous elements that distract you as long as youre working online. It is usually quite challenging to aim to juggle numerous things all at one time. One great tip that I learned in one of my mentors was the concept of using a timer. Which has a timer tracking your worktime, you can quickly notice where you are spending your serious amounts of learn to not allocate your time and energy to non-critical activities including reading email or finding new products. Present have you ever discovered you are in a situation that needs you to definitely do something extremely importantto discover youve convinced you to ultimately delay? Truth be told, every one of us procrastinate to some degree or another. When procrastination is starting to become portion of your everyday routine then procrastination grows more compared to a minor issue within your business. It is really an obstacle to success. Thankfully you curently have more control of these forces than you may realize, and you have to work and practice a few simple but incredibly strong techniques to boost your drive minimizing your resistance. One workout is to comprehend that procrastination is situated your brain. It is advisable to replace these thoughts of putting things off into empowered thinking habits instead. Keep an action journal to keep yourself accountable for the unfinished work, in order to find an accountability partner! Somebody is someone who holds you accountable for tasks as well as meeting your goals. Time management skills Analysis Questions: 1. How do you keep track of your goals? 2. Have listing of daily goals? 3. Do you plan your week, month or year? 4. At the end for the daySometimes you may feel you could have accomplished your goals? 5. Will you take any breaks in your workday? In that case the amount of? 6. Do you think youre a victim of trying to multitask an excessive amount of? 7. The amount of will you look at your email? 8. How often do you meet your deadlines? 9. Is there a first thing you choose to do in the morning? 10. How will you decide whats important? Solution: 1. Write things down (Carry a journal) 2. Prioritize your list be responsible for reaching/not reaching goals (find an accountability partner) 3. Learn how to say no to time wasting tasks (negative people included) 4. Check email daily or once weekly 5. Set weekly, monthly yearly goals (Target Monthly/Yearly Income) 6. Implement an occasion management system (break tasks into manageable daily/weekly or monthly tasks) 7. Identify your improper habits and try to illuminate them 8. Determine what works and get over it magnify your strengths 9. Make it rewarding for completing goals(take mini-vacations) 10. Outsource as much as possible 11. Automate Everything 12. Know your financial limits (keep track of everything arriving on and on out) Productivity Tools: 1. Journal/ Planner 2. Calendar 3. Robo Form for Password Management 4. Reminders and Alarms/Timers 5. Outsourcing Services/ Virtual Assistants 6. Organizational Tools (helpful websites next page) Take an inventory of all the so-called key components required for your web success, which weve discussed throughout this chapter and which can be outlined within the list above. This list above illustrates some extremely important ways to detect the urgency of your respective tasks. Upon having your list, make adjustments in accordance with your schedule. Organize your ideas and stay open to coming up with some new ones at the same time. Now, rather than list you have a road map of sorts, and that is just a strategy for putting structure down on paper. Effective Personal time management and Goal setting tips For your Overwhelmed Entrepreneur What emotions do these words evoke? Hows that phrase make you feel? If you are an overwhelmed entrepreneur likelihood is it does not provde the warm fuzzies! Whatever it can be, the one thing is made for sure; not all of us are born effective time managers! Most people wish we 25 hours, and up, daily to install our to dos in. However, it is actually very possible to become more designed in A shorter period once you give attention to being effective or perhaps prioritizing those to dos rather then cramming them within this elusive thing we call Time. If you feel about this, and dig a little deeper, personal time management is usually a mere figment in our imagination! Effective Time management skills EQUALS Effective Goal setting techniques Essentially, time management techniques for entrepreneurs is dependant on focusing on developing effective goal setting tools skills to make essentially the most almost daily that is available to us (just one day)! For being more appropriate at time management operator must talk about or herself: Have i got the focus, clarity and purposefulness to be aware what activities I ought to prioritize in order to assist me to advance in reaching my offer and time management skills goals? If i was to: Prioritize Limit Focus We may succeed time managers. Prioritizing, limiting, and working on a few things helps us feel more accomplished and productive together with helps us progress in reaching our business goals. Though the million-dollar question then becomes How can we become effective goal setters? How do we develop that sense of purposefulness making sure that we become entrepreneurs who manage our time effectively? Panic disorder thats: Find YOUR PASSIONS and know your STRENGTHS! Before setting goals, we must first ensure that i am truly following our personal passions! Find out what youre passionate about, awesome (just skip to next subheading)! If you do not know very well what youre excited about, determine the following questions. 1) What work/activities get me most excited? a. Can it be serving others by marketing a unique services or products? b. Will it be an actual task like instructing others? c. Would I enjoy work with others locally or globally? (Offline, Online or both!) 2) What am I best at? What skill sets are my strongest? a. Writing b. Presentation c. Instructing or Teaching? d. Coaching? 3) When am I MOST looking forward to using my talents and time effectively? Once you know your passions and what your strengths do you think youre can develop clear and effective goals. Apply the 80/20 Rule to Everything Everyone understands that 80/20 rule can assist you to improve your personal time management. So, what on earth is 80/20 rule? An Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto had found an unequal distribution of wealth that 20% of individual own 80% on the money. This principle is usually put on other industries. This principle is additionally called vital few and trivial many. 20% of something is usually to blame for 80% in the results. So, how much does this suggest for you? And what is the 80 20 rule in time management skills? Think way: 20% of the work may cost 80% of their time. It seems as if a whole lot waste energy, fine? Meanwhile, we can easily consider at another angel, that is 20% from the tasks you need to do could lead to 80 % with the result. Bingo, this is actually the 20 80 rule in time management! So, to use your time effective, you should target the 20% in the tasks that may end in 80% on the result. With this way, you can find far better work result by focus on those 20% work there. When you have learn the duty participate in 20% which create for you high benefit, you need to pay attention to them. And, here fit coming. Tips on how to evaluate which sorts of task will belong to 20%? This is some question you need to ask you: can you usually implementing urgent tasks? Do you cost a lot of your time to dedicate yourself other folks, and the ones people have no priority in your case? Tasks take to much time than you anticipate? Are you complaining during the most time of ones work? Would be the tasks your are performing just isnt what youre effective in? Plus it takes an excessive amount of time? Well, if your answer above is absolutely. It could determine that youll be doing tasks within 80% and so they are only able to bring about 20% effectiveness. You should do a reveres here: The duty that you are implementing is actually what you want to accomplish? The activities you do now will send you to your goals? Do you feel happy in your working? If suggestions some task you want to do, but you are negative at it, will you delivery those tasks to people? Could it be highly relatively for a long-term goal that when the position your are performing is just not that which you like? Ok. If the fact is positive, well, your task is owned by 20% and which will result in 80% result. Today, you ought to make list to write down all your task that youre going to do during in the future. And divide them into two parts. One is 80% and just one more is 20%. Here now, all your good working time should be cost around the 20%. With this way, youll be able to achieve greater than before. Living the 80/20 Rule Where do you need the 80/20 rule out your work and life? A single section of gaming Regularly being a consultant inside public sector. In another Regularly as being a coach; with both life coaching and corporate clients. Also i produce other businesses in completely unrelated fields including pet supplies, parenting products, and food supplements. The opposite regions of my entire life are put in leisure activities with my family. I would not consider myself a jack of all trades/master of none, though: these endeavors counseled me chosen deliberately and executed carefully. Having a lot of things out and about satisfies my should stay diversified and busy (yes, Image told they have ADHD) i love (almost) everything I really do. Importantly, I additionally have time for everything I actually do with some to spare. For the reason that from the 80/20 rule. Simply speaking, I attempt to focus on the twenty percent of my entire life and work which gives me the most results and enjoyment. And i also attempt to say no to or outsource the opposite 80 percent whenever and wherever I could. Basically, I only work and spend time with the folks I wish to be around, and i also only work on what I have to focus on. I understand that saying these items is controversial: you will be convinced that this does not sign up for your life along with your particular situation. You dont possess the luxury to easily outsource what toddler do. You have commitments and responsibilities Weve commitments and responsibilities too, obviously; and naturally you will discover some tips i cant outsource or say no to either. But its exactly about where I choose direct my energy while keeping your focus: I understand I can not always live gaming inside 20 percent but Also i understand that if I try, Ill consistently be considered a lot closer than plainly dont. (You should say that the chance to do only what one wants depends on circumstance and luck. This is true to some large degree but Furthermore assume that luck is to be based in the intersection of preparation and opportunity) Therefore the aim of this chapter should be to encourage for you you prioritized the points you want in your own life, and that which you really need to be doing regular then looking honestly at where you can unload many of the 80 % that does not fit with the eyes. To get started on, hunt for those big-lever changes you can make that you experienced. They do not need to be complicated or overwhelming: they include any adjustments, big or small, that have a major impact. A large-lever change could be described as a change of careers, as an example, or it could be something much smaller which has a domino-effect in your lifetime. A straightforward big-lever change could possibly be something as elementary as outsourcing the duty of unloading the dishwasher: when it reduces stress towards the end of the busy day, and give you time for something more pleasurable, then its certainly worth the extra 5 dollars in allowance! That is just one small example there are lots of. Where else can you use the 80/20 rule in yourself? Where else are you able to pinpoint the twenty percent of your life and work which gives the biggest results and greatest satisfaction? And where could you set out to unload others? Applying the Beneficial 80-20 Rule to Your Business The majority of people who built their unique businesses from your ground-up think that the business is their child. They need to protect it with everything else they have. They want to be sure that everything around the clients are accomplished just perfectly. This constant daily focus to every little detail could be the primary reason that a small business becomes stagnant. There may be only a great deal time in the day and if youre spending your whole day ensuring that it is all totally done ideal, there are no time left to inflate your online business and lift to the next level of success. It is advisable to continue to apply the 80/20 rule on your business. Stay, do a list of other nutritional foods that you do all day long in running your company. It could be looking to close sales with customers, ensuring youve got people from jobs or projects that are doing what they are meant to do. Being confident that you get invoices out once they need to be out. Being sure that the payroll is going punctually. Soon after days, go through the list and try to figure out how some of these things helps you increase and expand your online business. When the activities you wrote down dont help you in this way, hire a roofer as part of your organization that you simply feel you can rely on and delegate these every day tasks to them. You dont need to completely surrender control of the daily business activities, this is where the 20% comes in. You have to spend 80% of energy on other business expanding activities. An individual will be out of under the way of life you will soon find strategies to spend your time which are a lot more productive in the long run. Now you can fill the shoes from the CEO of your organization. It somewhat to have acquainted with the newest role, but start every morning convinced that today your job is to use new strategies to improve the revenues at your company beyond methods you already use It will not be a long time before you will be able to waste most of your time and efforts with this new role of CEO. Just think of the benefits it will give you, your household along with your employees whenever you can take a step back and discover the forest even though the trees, it will be easy to more clearly pick which is best direction for the business growing in. By trusting others who are qualified to control the day to day tasks of your business it is possible to generate an even better business for every individual concerned. Apply the 80/20 Rule watching Your own Productivity Soar During the early 1900s, Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto observed that 20 % of those in Italy owned 80 % with the wealth. Over 3 decades later, Dr. Joseph M. Juran, who worked in the field of Quality Management in the United States, recognized the same occurrence, namely, a large number of things in life are unevenly distributed. He referred to this trend as Paretos 80/20 Principle, and that is otherwise referred to as the 80/20 rule. Basically because of this a percentage (roughly 20%) of the overall activity yields a greater percentage (roughly 80%) with the result. Applying the 80/20 rule for your personal productivity will let you prioritize your job from most critical to lowest and then to budget your efforts accordingly. For making prioritizing your tasks easier, estimate how long you will need to complete each task. You will end up more productive should you give attention to completing the main tasks first in case you finish time-sensitive projects before tackling other tasks. One survey revealed that while people spend 60 hours weekly within their offices, they actually under 20 hours of actual work. Applying the 80/20 rule, with all the aforementioned suggestions, could send the common office-worker soaring to employee with the month before you know it! With your priorities set and also a definite plan in position as to what work you have to complete as well as the time-frame you must complete it, you are well on the right path to improved personal productivity. Again, the 80/20 rule points too in a amount time you could end up very productive. Therefore, dont use becoming side-tracked by non-essential intruders like procrastination. Consider the existing adage, why defer tomorrow you skill today! Also, be mindful that throughout a day, unexpected things purchased up and require our time. However, its usually the exception and never the rule. If you need your productivity to soar, focus on one goal around the goal of completing your tasks on-time! Now you know that you strive to be, its a good time and energy to determine in which you are now pertaining to reaching your goal. Do you think youre already inside 20% of efficient, productive workers, are you currently inside 80% of not-so-productive workers, or are you somewhere in-between? How much does your annual or quarterly review reveal about your personal productivity? So what can your peer reviews show? Regardless of your present standing, take a genuine glance at the work you have done lately. You might not demand a full overhaul of ones work habits but instead you could only need to fine-tune a couple of areas. Feel free. Why not start today? Apply the 80/20 rule at the office and in some cases both at home and just watch your personal productivity soar! Time Management Principles Essentially the most fearsome things facing consumers s all of what which seem to conspire to distract use from what we should are supposed to be doing. From mobile phones on the internet to TV, irrespective of where we go there will be something to try and do aside from our assigned tasks, and it is so easy to goof off and obtain nothing done. Here are a couple principles to help you manage your time to help you utilize it as effectively as possible. First off, it is important to recognize that we as individuals have a fixed length of time and a large number of stuff we can easily do by using it. Thus, weve got to prioritize and use our time for it to do the things which may help use to obtain our goals and accomplish the tasks which might be most important to us. An important time management planning skill will be the capability to break big tasks into more palatable pieces. We often are facing huge projects or jobs which will take many the perfect time to complete. Thankfully that lots of times were given a lot of amount of time in order to accomplish these projects. The bad thing is the fact that often we have been intimidated by the these big projects so we dont start them until the eleventh hour, which means that we are left racing to acquire whatever to control your emotions in time and still having a poor taste in our mouth. So, work out how much of your livelihood youre able to do everyday every week, basically exactly what is going to take to accomplish it, and then choose a day to begin. This leads into your significance about making a plan and sticking to it. Understand what have a plan that you simply follow, you will be disorganized and you will probably struggle to maximize your time and energy. You will have a seat to function on something but you wont have a clear concept of things to do, and quite often which means the next occasion, you wont possess the hear by sitting and you will probably loosen up in any respect. This might be prevented by proper planning. These are just a couple of personal time management ideas, they must be enough to get you started. The main thing is you remove whatever is distracting and find down to business with anything you should achieve. Determing the best Time management planning Principles Doing your best with your time and energy is usually essential if you would like be truly successful in your everyday living while still having some balance in every your roles. You cannot obtain the time that you just spend, or waste, on something back. Instead, you should ensure that you spend every possible moment being as productive as possible. People who find themselves not really acquainted with time management principles might find it challenging to maximize from a time. However, when you get accustomed to seeing your time slowly tick away, you will want learn how to take advantage of out of your time. Learning the best way to prioritize your everyday To Do list will be the number 1 time management skills skill you could have. Being aware of what tasks have to be completed first can help you get everything carried out in your little friend length of time you have. It does not matter a high level be home more mother, someone working full-time in the job, an executive or CEO, a make money online entrepreneur, or perhaps a retired senior, you will always should make one of the most of each hour of your respective day. The most wealth in life is being able to take enough time to relish all of your activities and being liberal to have a ball with your leisure along with your daily work activities. Likewise, if you do not manage your time and effort well, you will discover yourself overwhelmed with activities to do without extra time to get them completed in. Time is surely an equal opportunity employer. Each man has the exact same variety of hours and minutes each day. Rich cant buy additional hours. Scientists cant invent new minutes. So you cant not waste time to shell out it on at a later date. Having said that, time is amazingly fair and forgiving. Regardless how enough time youve wasted in the past, youve still got a total tomorrow! ~ Denis Waitely ~ Another biggest time management principle that one could have is to find added time. This might seem impossible, but is in fact very possible. You will find added time by spending a shorter period doing menial tasks. Keep a journal to see what we spend your time on every single day a week or two weeks. Then determine if youre centering on the tasks that bring you joy or successes you might be targeting in your everyday living. Should you may spend to much time on activities that are not working toward your longtime or lifestyle goals, you possibly can review when your need to do them, at least review how much actual time you will allocate to the task. You dont need to clean your car each day, and also you does not have to proceed to the store daily either. Simply combine all of your repeated tasks whenever feasible into just getting done a couple of times 7 days. This can help you save hours of your time in just a few short months. Furthermore, it mandates that you adjust several levels in your daily schedule. The 3 Principles Of Productivity Are you aware? The tendency for most people is always to assume that the subsequent software program them to buy, your next computer they purchase, the subsequent smartphone them to use, will suddenly grow their productivity due to advanced technology. The truth is that this technology itself will never allow you to be more productive. What will allow you to be more productive is definitely the technology in a manner that is dependant on timeless principles, principles that never change no matter advancements in technology. One of many important principles you simply must bear in mind is to carry your calendar, your contacts as well as your tasks to you wherever you are going. Whether you employ a smart phone or maybe a paper planner to accomplish that, it matters not just as much as the commitment you will be making to live that principle. So, next time you think that purchasing a new tool will make you more productive, take into account that theyll only allow you to productive if you live good principles of good time management planning and productivity. This chapter will familiarizes you with those principles. Its inside habits you develop in places you will experience a long-lasting change. The 3 Principles of Productivity and Personal time management: 1) Space 2) Mind 3) Time 1) Space: What this means is your workspace: the physical items around you. How well will you be when using the physical space that youve? Look for gathering points: piles of papers, stacks of bills, drawers stuffed with miscellaneous items, even telephone voicemail box, your email inbox and receipts stuffed on your bottom line are extremely deemed as gathering points. We have to reduce the quantity of gathering points youve got so as to lessen the number of switches that occur within your day. Remember, every gathering point you make makes you be less efficient, make more mistakes and increase your stress levels. An illustration: Suppose you and I have been in a competition, an orange gathering competition. We need to both gather oranges from trees and them into one basket. Us both have to get together 100 oranges each and set them into one basket. The first one to complete the task wins. Now, assume you have to gather the oranges from 20 different trees i ought to gather oranges from only 5 different trees. Who is going to win competition? Its very simple right? When you have to make more trips forwards and backwards between all those trees to have the oranges into that basket, youre going to possess a lot more switches. You will waste a lot of time and energy moving back and forth between the many different gathering points (1 tree = 1 gathering point) for oranges. I must make less trips planning to fewer trees (less gathering points). So, I am going faster and I win other sellers. The same principle happens in your entire day. If you have lots of gathering points, you will spend a lot of time and heading back and forth with shod and non-shod. By reducing the amount of gathering points you have, you gain precious time within your day helping you to target more essential plus more valuable activities. 2) Mind Stop with your mind to be a gathering point. If you utilize your brain like a gathering point, this means you allow many to-dos, tasks and projects to swirl around in your head. Think about the last hour. Offer did you interrupt yourself each time a new thought popped in your thoughts? All of those little self interruptions became a switch. A switch causes things to be more difficult time, makes you make more mistakes and itll raise your stress levels. A mind stuffed with to-dos and action items is constantly in a state of switching which can be terribly inefficient, stressful to cause plenty of mistakes. Possess seen instances of folks who damage their personal relationships mainly because their thoughts are loaded with too many unresolved thoughts. We have also seen those who dont get enough sleeping hours given that they hit the sack during the night time contemplating everything that they need to do and awaken each day thinking about all the jobs that they have to do. Solution: Empty the pockets of this mind when you go to bed. 3) Time Your third and final principle that you simply have a home in order to master your time and energy, works with the way you view time itself. Especially, never pay interest with your time. So what can What im saying is when I say interest on time? Perhaps youve heard the phrase time=money. Im not sure if time always is cash except time certainly behaves like money because its a scarce resource. Lots of people have observed first-hand, the negative consequences of commencing debt with money. The absolutely no.1 results of visiting debt with money is that you have to re-pay it with interest. Put simply, if you buy something on credit, in lieu of budgeting for doing this and paying cash all upfront, you can be paying additional ultimately. Would you be surprised if I mentioned you could borrow time? In reality, Id personally reckon that so many people are borrowing time each day. Now, I am not stating that youll be able to magically get 25 hours everyday

Affects of Alcohol :: essays research papers fc

Alcohol: Best or Worst Times of Life? Alcohol has many dangerous effects and should be banned. That being said, what exactly IS alcohol? Alcohol is a clear liquid at room temperature, it is flammable and it can be dissolved in water. Alcohol is usually produced in two main ways: fermentation or distillation. The alcohol found in alcoholic beverages such as beer or wine is known as ethyl alcohol. Alcohol is rarely found in a pure form. In beer, the ethanol concentration is only 4 to 6 percent. In wine the ethanol concentration is 7 to 11 percent and in champagne 8 to 14 percent. In distilled spirits such as rum or vodka, ethanol concentration can be anywhere from 45 to 90 percent! Alcohol has made its way into western culture; from the good tasting beverage to have after work to the â€Å"cool† thing to do in front of all your friends. The United States has tried to ban alcohol consumption. The Prohibition in 1919 occurred when the 18th amendment was approved; this outlawed the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors. However, the ban on liquor was highly unsuccessful. Crime rates shot sky high and the demand for liquor was as high as ever. However, the 18th amendment was repealed by the 21st in 1933 (Mason 2). Where the 18th amendment failed, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 succeeded. The National minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 required that all states change their legal drinking age. If the states refused to comply with this new law, the state would lose its money under the Federal Aid Highway Act (Mason 1). This only proves the point further that alcohol is dangerous and should be banned for a variety of reasons: it has many negative effects on youth, it causes a lot of damage inside the home and out, and there are many physically ill effects. Alcohol has many negative effects on youth. Some of the most influential factors in a youth’s decision to drink are parents and peers. However, past and present research has shown that alcohol advertising also has a significant impact by ‘influencing the attitudes of parents and peers and helping to create an environment that promotes underage drinking. (CAMY 1). Youth are easily influenced through television advertisements. â€Å"A 1996 study of children age’s nine to eleven found that children were more familiar with Budweiser’s television frogs than Kellogg’s Tony the Tiger, the Mighty Morphin’ Power Rangers, or Smokey the Bear (CAMY 1).

Mensch und Natur: Ein Beitrag zu der Theorie des :: German Essays

Mensch und Natur: Ein Beitrag zu der Theorie des "Homo Universus" ABSTRACT: The following discussion is centered on German romantic philosophy. The founder of philosophical romanticism, F.W.J. Schelling, speaks of the identity of all spheres of the universe. This view is echoed by other romantic philosophers, e.g., Novalis, Hà ¶lderlin, von Baader, and Schubert, as well as later neoromantics such as Scheler and Heidegger. I wish to show homo sapien as homo universus. Homo sapien is tied to the universe and must be aware of this oneness. Such knowledge will ameliorate his alienation from nature. Uralt ist die Frage: "Was ist der Mensch?" Uralt und à ¤ußerst schwer zugleich. Wir wissen nicht genau sowohl wann "der Mensch" erschienen ist als auch was sein eigenstes Wesen ausmacht. Soll man "den Menschen" mit der geraden Haltung, mit seiner Neigung zur kà ¼nstlerischen oder symbolischen Gestaltung, mit der Sprache oder vielleicht mit der Fà ¤higkeit sich seines Intellects zu bedienen und Abstracta zu schaffen, verbinden? Alle die (sowie auch zahlreichen anderen) Auffassungen beleuchten den Menschen von einer bestimmten Seite, und tragen damit zu einem besseren Verstehen seiner Eigentà ¼mlichkeit bei. Hier wollen wir noch eine Theorie hinzufà ¼gen, die ein zusà ¤tzliches Licht auf "den Menschen" werfen kann. Es geht um die Auffassung des Menschen in mannigfaltigsten Verflechtungen mit der Umwelt. Die Umwelt wird weit begriffen und bedeutet sowohl das unmittelbare Milieu des Menschen als auch den ganzen Kosmos. Der letzte soll nicht nur als das Materiell-Sichtbare verstanden werden, sondern als Etwas, was neben der Materie auch das beinhaltet, was wir "Geist" zu nennen pflegen. Den Menschen wollen wir also als innigst verbunden mit dem allumfassenden "Universum" verstehen, mit Dem, was erfahrungsmà ¤ÃƒÅ¸ig bekannt und erreichbar ist, aber auch mit Dem, was noch der heutigen Erfahrung entflieht und oft als "unnatà ¼rlich" oder "geheimnisvoll" bezeichnet wird. Es ist klar, daß eine solche Theorie des "homo universus" im Mißklang mit den aufklà ¤rerischen oder positivistischen Auffassungen steht. Alle die wollen den Menschen nicht nur von den "unerforschbaren" Weltereignissen "loslà ¶sen", die sie fà ¼r "metaphysisch" halten. Sie wollen auch den Menschen von der sonstigen Natur abgrenzen und ihn als den selbststà ¤ndigen und von der Umwelt wenig abhà ¤ngigen Subjekt ansehen. Erwà ¤hnen kà ¶nnen wir in diesem Zusammenhang I. Kant, der die Welt "entzweit" und sie in die dem Menschen gegenà ¼ber existierenden "Dinge an sich" und in die "Erscheinungen" (Dinge fà ¼r uns) teilt. Der Mensch gewinnt zwar à ¼ber die Noumena die Oberhand im Erkentnisprozeß indem er sie zur "Erscheinungen" macht, er steht aber letzen Endes ihnen gegenà ¼ber einsam und ratlos indem sie vor ihm fà ¼r ewig gechlossen bleiben.

Compensation – Incentive vs Bonus

A bonus plan is one where the bonus is awarded after the fact and typically has very little or no incentive value. The employees typically come to see it as an entitlement. An incentive plan is a variable pay plan that is tied to some level of performance. The employee is rewarded with a payment that is predefined and non discretionary. The reward is paid when actual performance meets or exceeds predefined goals. incentive| Any form of variable payment tied to performance. The payment may be a monetary award, such as cash or equity, or a nonmonetary award, such as merchandise or travel.Incentives are contrasted with bonuses in that performance goals for incentives are predetermined. Generally nondiscretionary and can be paid at any time of the year| bonus| An after-the-fact reward or payment (may be either discretionary or nondiscretionary) based on the performance of an individual, a group of workers operating as a unit, a division or business unit, or an entire workforce. Payments may be made in cash, shares, share options or other items of value. In the context of sales compensation, a defined, pre-established amount of money to be earned for achieving a specified performance goal.Planned bonus amounts commonly are expressed as a percent of the incumbent's base salary, salary range midpoint, percentage of target cash compensation or incentive compensation, or a defined dollar amount. See also discretionary and nondiscretionary bonus| Bonus versus Incentive – What is the Difference? Here is how our Glossary defines them:Incentive:  Ã‚  Additional pay (above and beyond the base salary or wage) awarded to an employee, such as stock options or a contingent bonus plan, that is ‘forward looking'. Bonus:  Ã‚  Plans that award cash or other items of value, such as stock (or stock options), based on accomplishments achieved.While incentive plans are ‘forward' looking' bonus plans are ‘backward looking'. An incentive that is dangled to ent ice certain behaviors may include cash or prizes or perquisites or anything that activates the motivations of the performers. A bonus is â€Å"something extra† which is usually cash and is always non-guaranteed. The two terms can obviously overlap:   job security in unsettled times can be an incentive for some people to work harder, while a contingent bonus premised on specific outcome results can also be an incentive to achieve those objectives.Cash dropped from the sky as a surprise is generally not considered â€Å"incentive† pay although such bonus gifts have disproportionately strong motivational effects, because the reward was not pre-announced and thus could not entice behavior changes. | Even though Frank and Jim have provided excellent definitions that  draw a distinction between the two terms, I'm sure that they will agree that there is a lot of inconsistency in the use of those terms across business, and even across the compensation profession. Always lo ok for the context that the terms are used in whatever you read or hear. Yep. Like you said, Paul. Term usages vary tremendously between enterprises, industries  and sometimes between applications. As an extreme example, when I'm in meetings and someone says â€Å"comp†, I frequently have to confirm understanding and must ask if they are referring to * compensation (WorldAtWork) * comprehensive (municipal) * complimentary (gambing) * computation (math)Back in The Day, I spent a lot of time translating terms like these and  performance  reviewand such things between disparte audiences who both meant and understood different things from the terms. In the context of sales compensation, WorldatWork defines a â€Å"bonus† primarily in contrast to a â€Å"commission. † In both cases in sales compensation, the reward is generally known in advance and offered for achieving a goal which also generally known in advance. The difference is that the â€Å"commissionâ €  is communicated as a â€Å"piece of the action† (e. g. , 2% of revenue, $5 per unit, 6% of margin dollars); whereas a â€Å"bonus† is a fixed incentive amount offered for achieving a specific objective, often with less offered for lower achievement levels and more for higher levels.Most of the time, the amount of the commission at goal (or â€Å"quota†) is high if the quota is higher – so if one sales person has a $1M quota and another has a $1. 5M quota, then one has a target commission that is 150% that of the other. Whereas in a â€Å"bonus† world, the target incentive is fixed for the role (e. g. , $40k per year) and is paid for hitting quota, which may vary from one person to the next.Of course there are myriad nuances and variations, including the possibility of â€Å"personal commission rates† which communicate a [email  protected] â€Å"bonus† as if it were a [email  protected] â€Å"commission,† etc. But that gets at the gist of it. All that said, I do have a current client with a business that is very weather-dependent (agrichemicals), to the extent that performance of the sales people can only be assessed retrospectively – did they create value for the company, sell well, cement relationships with customers, and achieve solid results given the opportunities that came their way during the year?Because the business itself is so volatile, the sales person's compensation must be less incentive-rich at target than most in similar roles, and performance can only be evaluated fairly in retrospect. However, this is only noteworthy because it is so highly unusual. Wherever possible (and it usually is possible), sales people have clear financial goals with formulaic compensation opportunities tied to how well they do against those goals. | |