Global Trends and Strategy within the United States

Free Essays on Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress (She’s So Sexy)

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress (She’s So Sexy) One of the most influential philosophers read by the colonists while forming the framework for the Constitution was John Locke. His writings influenced American and other Western political leaders. Locke built his philosophy on the belief of Natural Rights. Lock declared that people exist in a state of nature where there are no formal laws of government. Conversely, he suggested that laws determined by people’s innate moral sense govern people. Natural Rights include Life, Liberty, and Property. Natural Rights promote that government should be built on the consent of the governed; people must agree on who their rulers will be. It should also be limited in the sense that there must be clear restrictions on what leaders can do. At the same time, Lock’s philosophy limited government so that they must provide standing laws so that people know in advance whether their acts will be acceptable (Bill of Rights). Locke also emphasized that the supreme power cannot take from any man any part of his property without his consent. The preservation of property would be the end of a successful government. The crux of his philosophy is that the exclusive purpose of Government is to protect the natural rights of its people. Natural Rights are a huge part of the Democratic practice; a successful Democracy is supported with documents like the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, by Dai Sijie, the complete absence of democracy and a written Constitution/Bill of Rights has a crucial impact on all the lives of the characters. The story takes place during Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution, where two boys from privileged families are sent to an isolated mountain village on Phoenix Mountain to be "re-educated" by peasants. Throughout the novel we see the penalty of such a system, which weights on the freethinking characters as much as... Free Essays on Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress (She’s So Sexy) Free Essays on Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress (She’s So Sexy) Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress (She’s So Sexy) One of the most influential philosophers read by the colonists while forming the framework for the Constitution was John Locke. His writings influenced American and other Western political leaders. Locke built his philosophy on the belief of Natural Rights. Lock declared that people exist in a state of nature where there are no formal laws of government. Conversely, he suggested that laws determined by people’s innate moral sense govern people. Natural Rights include Life, Liberty, and Property. Natural Rights promote that government should be built on the consent of the governed; people must agree on who their rulers will be. It should also be limited in the sense that there must be clear restrictions on what leaders can do. At the same time, Lock’s philosophy limited government so that they must provide standing laws so that people know in advance whether their acts will be acceptable (Bill of Rights). Locke also emphasized that the supreme power cannot take from any man any part of his property without his consent. The preservation of property would be the end of a successful government. The crux of his philosophy is that the exclusive purpose of Government is to protect the natural rights of its people. Natural Rights are a huge part of the Democratic practice; a successful Democracy is supported with documents like the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, by Dai Sijie, the complete absence of democracy and a written Constitution/Bill of Rights has a crucial impact on all the lives of the characters. The story takes place during Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution, where two boys from privileged families are sent to an isolated mountain village on Phoenix Mountain to be "re-educated" by peasants. Throughout the novel we see the penalty of such a system, which weights on the freethinking characters as much as...

Community Assessment of Somers Point, NJ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Assessment of Somers Point, NJ - Essay Example While the United States Average age is as per the last time was 35. 3 in the last census, Somers Point City had a median age of 38.4. In terms of age distribution in the city, there were up to 8,899 people who were above the age of 18 year. This figure represented an estimated 76.6% of the city’s population. This percentage was slightly above the national average that stood at 74.3% (Census.gov, 2013). The percentage number of people of 65 years and above was 15.1%. Again, this was higher figure when compared to the national average of 12.4%. In terms of racial composition of the city, the last census had placed the whites at 78.8%, African Americans at 0.25% and Native Americans at 3.1%. Other races such as the Asians, Pacific Islander and other races were placed at 0.06%, 4.17% and 3.025 respectively. The statistics are expected to vary with each census conducted. Again one may be able to compare the population distribution statistics with the national averages which place A frican Americans at 12.3% and Hispanic population at 6% (Census.gov, 2013). A comparison with state population would reveal some little differences where New Jersey State was at 8,864,590 as at the year 2012. This figure was arrived at by factoring in the 0.8% state increase in population to the 2010 census. The racial makeup in the state of New Jersey was 68.8% whites, a figure lower by 10% when compared to Somers Point City. African Americans in the state were 13.7% in the state, Native Americans at 0.3% and Asians at 8.3%. Other races made up 6.4% while an unclassified group and illegal immigrants were 2.7% and 17.7% respectively (Census.gov, 2013). Education profile in the city reveals that there are 84.2% of high school graduates or higher. This translates to 6,812 people while the number of people with Bachelor degree or higher in Somers Point stand at 1,601. This figure translates to 19.8% of the population. This is below the national average, which as per the last census was 24.4%. However, one may observe that the City’s median house hold income of $42,222 is slightly above the national median household income which was $41,994. Another socio-economic issue worth noting is that the number of families living below the poverty line in Somers Point City was 147 or approximately 5% of the population (Census.gov, 2013). In terms of life expectancy, the state of New Jersey is 81.94. The national rate is 81.17. In Atlantic County, male life expectancy is 74.5. At the state level, male life expectancy is 77.80 and 76.20 at the national level. Female have the highest life expectancy with Atlantic County being at 79.9 while the state life expectancy is 82.20. Female life expectancy at the national level is 81.30. Currently, access to health is improving throughout the state. This is especially after the passing of regulations to make healthcare affordable. Even so, the exact statistics are not immediately available. Even so, one would easily observe that the 5% that constitutes those living below the poverty lines as well as the illegal immigrants constitute the group that is hardest hit in terms of being able to afford health care (World Life Expectancy, 2011). 2. With the community as partner, identify five strengths and five weaknesses of the community The community in Somers Point boasts of the following

Researched argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Researched argument - Essay Example uch individuals has been depicted in several literary books and articles with a view of informing the entire nation and the world, at large, about the unlucky population in the United States. One of these books is Ehrenreich’s â€Å"Nicket and Dimed†. The book has its settings in Florida, Maine and Minnesota (Ehrenreich 38). People normally work to get money and make their lives better. However, what most of the workers in Florida experience is opposite, or contrary to what a reasonable person would think of. Most of the people in this area work hard but poverty still remain the greatest challenge to their existence and lives. Most of the workers strive to do their best but they do not achieve their target of affording a good lifestyle. The same is experienced by workers in Twin Cities in Minnesota and Maine. Another contradicting issue on the poverty life among people in these regions is that the demand for labor in most industries and companies is high, but the wages are very low and there are no increments. This is against the normal law of economics whereby an increase in demand naturally leads to an increase in the price of the product, or labor in this case. In addition to the above, the workers work tirelessly under these low wage rates. It is uncommon to find people commit themselves working on a peanut pay. Ehrenreich says that she grew with a belief that the secret of success was hard work and nothing else (E-notes.com). What she experiences in the mentioned areas makes her doubts her beliefs and the childhood teachings. ‘Hard work’ was the secret of success: ‘Work hard and you’ll get ahead’ or ‘It’s hard work that got us where we are (Chazelle & Chainani)†. She remembers this, through flashback, and believes that it is only t hrough hard work that she will achieve her life dreams and consequentially succeed in his plans. The reality that unveils the low-wage workplace is like a mockery to her (E-notes.com). She does not believe it

Brand marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Brand marketing - Essay Example Brand is the design, name, symbol, term or other characteristic that generally identifies whether a product is distinct or can be differentiated from other sellers’ products.A brand is considered as an intangible assetEffective branding strategy helps an organization to achieve several potential competitive advantages in competitive global market place. Several leading organizations around the globe are trying to increase their core competencies through the implementation of several unique competitive strategies. This particular essay will discuss various theories in order to assess the relationship of different customers with several B2C brands. This essay will consider and evaluate various authors’ academic literature regarding a brand. Moreover, the essay will reveal how a brand can drive both financial and non financial brand performance metrics. Finally the essay will summarize and conclude the whole findings. Discussion This part of the essay will provide answers of two essay questions. Question (A) It has been discussed earlier that brand is an intangible asset. The brand owners effectively manage their brands in order to develop shareholder value. Several organizations adopt branding to differentiate their products from other market competitors. This branding is subsequently used in marketing, advertisement and business. Coca Cola is a key modern example of brand that belongs to the Coca Cola Company. Several organizations generally focus on brand valuation. Brand valuation is a key management technique which ascribes a significant monetary value to brand (Ariely, 2009, p.23). Moreover, it allows the organization to manage the marketing investments to maximize the value of shareholders. Appropriate branding strategy can result in high sales growth. For example, if a customer likes regular Coke under the Coca Cola Company, then the customer will surely try other products under the company. Brand is a significant personality that helps to id entify a company or a product or a service. According to Kotler (2000), a brand can be defined as the name that is associated with one or more than one product in the specific product line of an organization (Kotler, 2000, p.396). Whenever a marketer or an organization develops a new name, design or logo for a newly developed product, he or she has developed a brand. Branding is one of the initial and important steps within the product or service marketing process. According to Urde (1999), for a longer period of time brand has been treated as the important element of a product or a service (Urde, 1999, p.197). Some individuals distinguished the psychological aspect and brand associations like feelings, perceptions, images, thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, thoughts and experiences. However, the experiential aspect consists of the sum of total points of contacts associated with the brand. This is known as brand experience. According to Baldegger (2012), this brand experience is known as a specific brand action that is perceived by an individual. Sometimes this psychological aspect can be referred as brand image. Brand image is a symbolic construct that is developed within customers’ mind (Baldegger, 2012, p.39). Brand image consists of expectations and information associated with an organization or a product or a service. It is important for an organization to carefully develop a brand management strategy. Careful brand management strategy seeks to develop products and services related to the target audience. It is important for the organizations to achieve significant brand recognition of their products and services (Browayes and Price, 2008, p.192). Effective branding strategy always increases the core competency of a product or service. A strong brand name always demand high price for the products or services as a strong brand name always develops strong brand awareness and market demand. Strong brand

Types Of Operations Process In Tesco

Types Of Operations Process In Tesco The food and drink retail sector represents the largest industry in the UK, providing employment for over three million people in primary production, manufacturing and retailing. In 2003 retail accounted for 9% of gross domestic product (Datamonitor, 2003). In recent years UK supermarkets have come under increased scrutiny over their treatment of suppliers, particularly of own-label products, yet the development of strategic supply networks has been an integral part of most supermarket strategies for the past decade.The report below provides an insight into the supermarket company, Tesco, with emphasis on its external environment analysis and companys analysis of resources, competence and culture. Two future strategic options are suggested in regards to the resources based strategies. Inbound logistics are placed at the first stage of the value chain as they possess the earliest opportunity to create value. Therefore, the elements of this stage are considered to be upstream activities. The logistical tasks, in this case, include the receipt of goods from suppliers, storage of goods, handling transportation of goods internally and placing the products on the shelves. Tesco tries to maintain the level of consumer choice in store (+), whilst improving the efficiency of its distribution system (+). In applying a quality control procedure concerning damaged goods and products, it provides an excellent opportunity to reduce costs unfairly incurred by the company, therefore preventing these costs being passed on to the consumer (P+). Operations The production element of Tesco activities are service orientated. Hence, operations could be the second upstream opportunities that enable services and products to be provided, tasks such as opening every day in accordance with trading hours, maintaining the shelves, and the stock (+). In order to obtain future competitive advantage Tesco has to consider expanding further in terms of operating hours in those places, where it does not occur or opening new Metro and Express stores (P+). However, this might be restricted by law or planning councils, which is essentially takes away competitive advantage (-). Outbound logistics The third stage of the value chain is the outbound logistics that is concerned with delivering the product to the customer. Tesco currently adds value in its home delivery service (+). However, other tangibles that have to be improved are those of parking facilities, trolley collectors, till staff and systems to gain competitive advantage, if executed more efficiently than competitors, they will add value by saving the customer time (+), whilst increasing the turnaround (+). Adding value could be achieved through the implementation of a trolley deposit system, keeping them tidy and enabling customers to get to and from the premises quicker, as well as making these facilities readily available and quicker to obtain. Support Activities Company Infrastructure Planning and control functions are the ones that account to provide the continued focus on the costs and cash control of the companys operations (+). And departments such as profit protection whose main jobs are to reduce shrink. The company has now increased its staff count who are involved in upgrading its anti-fraud software (infrastructure/technology, interdependence), and installing new security systems which aim to reduce internal theft, an expense the customer will now not have to cover in the price of their purchases ( Human resource management HRM is regarded as up and downstream activity, covering everything from recruitment to management development. The company aims to increase the number of training schemes and further develop its recruitment programmes so to pass on to the customer the benefits of a well recruited, well trained staff, not the costs. Tesco continues to invest in customer service (+), where training is also linked directly to pay, so the staff are motivated to learn, and are encouraged to improve their approach to customers and service provision quality. Technology development It is a downstream activity and is the ability to provide new innovative product ranges/ solutions that anticipate customer needs. It also remains a key competitive advantage, adding value, as Tescos brand name gives the product vitality (+). However, installation and capital investment is a long term process and needs total commitment of the staff. But who will be responsible for the service provision and the floor personnel? (-). UK Operations In the UK, Tesco operates six different store formats, each distinguished by size and the range of products sold. Tesco Superstores Tesco superstores are the companys standard store format. These large supermarkets stock and sell all groceries along with a large range of non-food products. They also offer an in-store pharmacy. Tesco Extra Tesco Extra stores are the retailers large out-of-town hypermarkets (second in size behind superstores) which stock nearly all of Tescos product ranges. Tesco Metro Metro stores are medium-sized stores (sized between Tesco superstores and Tesco Express stores) that offer a range of food lines. Tesco Express Express stores are convenience shops that are mainly located on Esso petrol station forecourts. Most of their stock consists of food, with an emphasis on higher-margin products alongside everyday essentials. Tesco Homeplus Homeplus stores offer all of Tescos ranges, except food, in warehouse-style units based in retail parks. These large units feature an Order and Collect desk where customers can purchase and collect most items without delay. One Stop One Stop stores are the very smallest Tesco stores. These stores work on a different pricing to all the other store formats and are also distinguished by their later opening hours. Global Operations Tesco boasts a global store portfolio of over 1,800 stores. Besides the UK, the company operates stores in France, China, the United States, Poland, Republic of Ireland, Japan, Malaysia, Czech Republic, South Korea, Slovakia, Thailand and Turkey . Online Operation Tesco runs the worlds largest grocery home-shopping service, Tesco.com. The site was formally launched in 2000 six years after Tesco first began operating on the internet. Consumer goods, telecommunications and financial services are also provided via the internet. Tesco Direct, the supermarkets catalogue/internet service, was added to the retailers portfolio in 2007. Customers can browse the Tesco Direct catalogue or go online to purchase non-food goods ranging from home electricals, toys and furniture to sports equipment, jewellery and even bathroom suites. Tesco Personal Finance Tesco Personal Finance is the banking arm of the Tesco plc. The business was previously run as a joint venture with the Royal Bank of Scotland, but in July 2008 Tesco paid  £950 million to acquire the banks 50% share in the company. Financial products on offer include loans, credit cards, savings accounts, mortgages, and several types of insurance, including car, home, life, dental and travel cover. Tesco Clubcard Tesco is one of only two UK supermarkets to offer its customers a loyalty card-scheme (the other being Sainsburys). Introduced in 1995, Tescos Clubcard branded loyalty scheme is now the number one loyalty card in the UK, with around 13 million active Clubcard holders. Every  £1 spent in a Tesco store, online at Tesco.com or through Tesco Petrol, earns customers one Clubcard point. Shoppers can also collect points by paying with a Tesco Credit Card, or by using Tesco Mobile, Tesco Broadband, selected Tesco Personal Finance products or through Clubcard partners, Avis and E.ON. Each point is worth 1p in-store when redeemed, or 4p when used with Clubcard deals on holidays, day trips, etc. Points can also be used to rack up Airmiles, or converted into coupons. B: Capacity planning, Inventory management, Supply chain design, Performance measures and total quality management Tesco Capacity Planning Example : The Scenario Tesco operated a major distribution centre with 26 truck loading decks handling 20 vehicles arriving every hour. Deliveries for individual supermarkets needed to be selected, marshalled and loaded within 60 minutes. The existing loading system was totally manual, using pickers and fork-lift trucks. Due to increasing capacity needs, Tesco engaged with a material handling company to design the expanded facility. This company proposed a novel loading system using automatically guided vehicles (AGVs) to deliver prepared cages of goods. This system would have to be integrated with the existing manual facility, accessing the same warehouse and loading decks. The Challenge Tescos Project Director did not have confidence that the simple spreadsheet calculation of the planned additional capacity could accurately represent the likely outcome as it could not show dynamic interactions within a system comprising hundreds of movements per hour between the warehouse and the loading dock. The following questions arose: What would be the key issues involved in operating the two systems side-by-side? If the two systems could be successfully integrated, how could the optimum operating protocol be devised? How many AGVs would be needed (between 15 and 20 were proposed)? Where might AGVs and fork lifts interfere, causing delays and how could this be minimised? How can collisions be avoided (Health and Safety issue)? Where might loading bottlenecks occur, reducing anticipated performance? Would the target 60 minute turnaround be reliably met under different operating conditions? Tesco needed an independent assessment of the impact of the proposed changes and of whether efficiency and loading time targets would be met. The materials handling supplier recommended Paragon Simulation. The Solution Tesco commissioned Paragon to produce a model. Paragon worked with Tescos and the suppliers input, to accurately model the proposed facility. Paragon was asked not only to construct and run the model, but also to report results and to make a recommendation. The resulting model was a plan view animation of the facility with the AGV system in place. AGV movement, acceleration/deceleration, delay time caused by interference between the old (fork lift) and new loading systems and location of problems (to aid further analysis) were all represented. As the model ran, statistics were recorded on key performance parameters. Different methods of running the systems side-by-side could be set up, run (with varying load levels) and results compared quickly and easily using the Paragon Information Manager. The Benefits The outcome of the project was a confirmation from Paragon to Tesco that the proposed solution could work and deliver the required results. In very short project timescales (just 15 days from start to finish), Paragon were able to give Tesco the assurance they needed and key input on how best to integrate systems and operate the new facility. There was also an immediate cost saving because the simulation model showed that two fewer AGVs were needed than indicated by the original spreadsheet calculations a total saving of  £160,000. Tescos mistakes in US Not understanding the American Customer In early 2006, Tesco plc decided to enter the US market with convenience stores (Fresh Easy Neighborhood Markets) to be launched by 2007. Tesco had been studying the American market for two decades and its entry was long time coming. Though the company is not faring that well (currently loss making and is not predicted to break even until the financial year 2012), it hopes to turnaround sooner than later. The following are some of Tescos mistakes in the US market: The American way of shopping Car culture and weekly shopping expeditions Tesco opened stores in California, Nevada and Arizona offering about 4000 fresh products. But US customers do not shop daily, particularly in California where families shopped weekly in cars. Tesco on the other hand wants to cater to shoppers who have less time and want fresh and healthy food. Competition not only from US super chains Tesco was also facing tough competition from Japanese owned supermarket chain FamilyMart which had started two premium convenience stores under the banner Famima in California and had big expansion plans. The Japanese store offered a new community lifestyle experience along with services like banking, stationary department and also Japanese delicacies like sushi, noodles etc. Its imported groceries also cost less than Tesco. No Discount Coupons The American customer wants to try something before making a final decision on buying. Even discounts or taste samples help in finalizing a deal. But Tesco removed discount coupons. No Promotional Fliers There is less loyalty in the US market with the American consumer shifting loyalties based on weekly/daily special promotional offers. Tesco assumed that like British consumers who would not switch loyalties easily, the Americans would follow suit. A focus group found that Tesco was not sending fliers promoting the latest special offers. Good Effort but No Learning When Tesco entered US, it did not go unprepared into the American market. It sent around 50 to 60 British executives to live with California families to discover the products they bought and the food they ate. But with Tescos dropping profits it seemed they did not learn much into the American way of buying. Tesco did not partner with a US retailer when entering the US market and also intended to use its own proprietary distribution system. B :Tesco Inventory Management : Tesco plc (LSE: TSCO), one of worlds leading retailers, has selected Micro Focus to support the growth of its international operations, notably in the United States, by improving its supply chain operations. Tescos current supply chain management system monitors and controls its entire in-store inventory. The company has enlisted the assistance of Micro Focus to modernize and extend this system, so it can be rolled out in Tescos data center in California, when it launches its first U.S. store later this year. Micro Focus has been selected to extend Tescos supply chain application, as well as future proofing it against any changes that it may face as its operations continue to expand globally. Not only will the modernized application be ready for the imminent U.S. launch, but it will also be seamlessly deployed in each of Tescos current data centers across the globe. The move will also yield considerable savings for Tesco, as it will be able to use its existing servers and will be able to avoid investing in additional support for their international operations. Tesco Suppy Chain Design : Performance Measures of Tesco : Tesco can influence society at large owing to its size and scale of operations and it does so by encouraging its employees and customers to become more socially responsible. Tesco is of the view that it has a major role to play in promoting health food among its customers and strives to make health food available at affordable prices. The company has adopted several initiatives over the years to fulfill its responsibility to society. These include charity, fund raising for a cause and promoting education. These efforts are not limited to the UK but extend to other countries in which Tesco operates. Total Quality Management : Makes a significant contribution to the perceived customer benefits of the outcome: delivers a fundamental customer benefit. In order to identify core competences in a particular market, the question of why is the customer willing to pay more or less for one product or service than another- needs to be addressed. For example, Tesco have been very successful in capturing the leadership of the retailing market. This shows that Tesco designs and implements effective supply systems and deliver an efficient customer interface. Tesco was the first UK grocer to launch a loyalty card and has been the most effective. Palmer (2004) claims that until recently, it was the only grocer to use the information to mail customers every month. Strategy frameworks and structuring tools are key to assessing the business situation. Risk and value trade-offs are made explicit, leading to concrete proposals to add value and reduce risk. Explicit plans for action, including effective planning need to be developed by Tesco as the strategic alternative. From the generic strategies discussed above, Tesco is likely to employ two strategic options that are also likely to be primary market objectives of focus on market development though partnerships and diversification through new product development By entering new markets like China and Japan it can serve as a key growth driver of the companys revenues and expansion strategy. Tescos interests in Japan are likely to continue growing in due course, as Asian markets are showing an increase in consumer spending and increased trend towards retailing. These new markets are also demographically high opportunity markets. In the case of Tesco, one of the suggested strategic options is in international alliances with the local retailers in Asian markets. It will be considered as a method of development and may be formed to exploit current resources and competence. By entering into joint ventures or partnerships, in order to gain a larger economy of scale and larger market presence, Tesco will draw on the extensive local knowledge and operating expertise of the partner whilst adding its own supply chain, product development and stores operations skills to deliver a better shopping experience to customers. However, given the huge scale, potential and complexities of these markets, Tesco may feel that being the first mover is not necessarily an advantage. The success of the partnership will be related to three main success criteria: sustainability, acceptability and feasibility. Sustainability will be concerned with whether a strategy addresses the circumstances in which the company is operating. It is ab out the rationale of this expansion-market development strategy. The acceptability relates to the expected return from the strategy, the level of risk and the likely reaction of stakeholders. Feasibility will be regarded to whether Tesco has the resources and competence to deliver the strategy. b Product Development: Diversification Johnson and Scholes (2003) believe that changes in the business environment may create demand for new products and services at the expense of established provision. Ansoffs matrix also suggests that if new products are developed for existing markets, then a product development strategy has to be considered by the management level of a company. In expanding and diversifying Tescos product mix, it is also crucial to implement internal development when new products are developed. The nature and the extent of diversification should also be considered in relation to the rationale of the corporate strategy and the diversity of the portfolio. By following the changing needs of the customers Tesco can introduce new product lines. This may require more attention to RD, leading to additional spending. BARCLAYS BANK : A : A : Types of Operations Process in Barclays : Introduction Barclays is a global bank. It provides a range of financial services in 56 countries. Barclays provides retail banking services to customers, whether they are individuals or businesses. It offers a broad range of financial products and services including current accounts, savings accounts and general insurance. Within the UK, Barclays communications are designed to help customers Take One Small Step to managing their money better every day. Different kinds of customers represent distinct markets for Barclays. The market for personal banking services is very competitive. Personal customers have a choice of banks on the high street or on the web to assist them in managing their finances. For example, they can have their salaries paid into accounts, pay bills through the bank or save money to gain interest on their savings. There is also a competitive market for business banking services. Businesses require different services such as credit management, payments for suppliers or loans and overdrafts to help them to survive and grow. For example, an expanding business may need a mortgage to buy a new building. Barclays Bank history is as old as the history of the Great British banking industry as a whole. Founded back in the cobbled streeted and oil lamp lit London of the seventeenth century, Barclays has grown and progressed to be a member of the global banking fraternity with operations spreading across all of Europe as well as North and South America, the Middle and the Far East. The Bank was reputed to have begun its earliest trades way back in 1690, when the two founding partners John Freame and Thomas Gould first opened their doors in London. Their first premises were in Lombard Street, where they traded successfully for more than thirty years. One of the most significant events in the banks history took place in 1736, when Freame and Gould, obviously feeling that their days as bankers might be drawing to a close, invited Freames son-in-law, John Barclay to become a partner in the bank. The onset of World War One saw Barclays strongly represented as far north as the Midlands of England. In the year that the war ended, Barclays Bank announced its amalgamation with the London, Provincial and South Western Bank, firmly staking it place to be one of the UKs leading banking groups. By the middle of the nineteen twenties in England, Barclays had close to two thousand branches in operation in England, and had begun some tentative operations overseas, particularly in the British Colonies. Gradual expansion and consolidation was the order of the day for Barclays for the period before, during and after World War Two. Barclays woke up from the period of austerity that followed the War, with the opening of the first banking computer centre situated in London. During the height of the swinging sixties, Barclays showed that they were no slouches by introducing the famous Barclaycard, the first credit card to grace our shores. The following year, Barclays again shook the banking world by unveiling the countrys first automatic teller machine, providing cash from a wall. Today Barclays presents a mixture of a bank of a bank with a great history and rich tradition who has always reached out to the future. A mixture that finds her well prepared to weather the storm of the current financial crisis. Barclays is made up of two Clusters: Global Retail Banking, and Corporate Investment Banking and Wealth Management, each of which has a number of Business Units. The third major area of the business is Group Centre. From Human Resources to Corporate Affairs, this area comprises all the essential Head Office support functions that help Barclays maintain strategic momentum. Retail Banking Barclays UK Retail Banking is one of Britains leading retail banks serving around 15 million UK customers through contact centres, online banking and 1,720 branches. UK Retail Banking builds broad and deep relationships with customers and small business owners by providing a wide range of products and financial services. Through UK Retail Banking, customers have access to current account and savings products, Woolwich-branded mortgages, unsecured loan and protection products and general insurance. Barclays Financial Planning provides investment advice and products; Local Business provides banking services, including money transmission, to small businesses; and Premier provides tailored, relationship-based banking services to affluent customers through dedicated account managers. Barclaycard Barclaycard is a multi-brand credit card and consumer lending business which also processes card payments for retailers and merchants, and issues credit and charge cards to corporate customers and the UK government. It is one of Europes leading credit card businesses and has an increasing presence in the United States. In the UK, Barclaycard comprises Barclaycard UK Cards, Barclaycard Partnerships (Sky Card, Thomas Cook, Argos and Solution Personal Finance), Barclays Partner Finance and Firstplus. Barclaycard also added the Goldfish business to its portfolio in 2008. Outside the UK, Barclaycard provides credit cards in the United States, Germany, South Africa (through management of the Absa credit card portfolio) and in the Nordic region, where Barclaycard operates through Entercard, a joint venture with Swedbank. Barclaycard works closely with other parts of the Barclays Group, including UK Retail Banking, Barclays Corporate, Western Europe Retail Banking and Barclays Africa, to mak e use of their distribution capabilities. Western Europe Retail Banking Includes retail banking and Barclaycard operations in Spain, Italy, France and Portugal. Approximately 10,000 colleagues are employed in this part of the organisation, serving two million customers. Across the region, Barclays has more than 1,100 distribution outlets. Barclays Africa Barclays Africa encompasses Barclays Global Retail Banking, Corporate Banking, and Barclaycard operations in 10 countries organised in four geographic areas: North Africa (Egypt), East and West Africa (Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya), Southern Africa (Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe), and the Indian Ocean (Mauritius and Seychelles). Barclays Africa serves its 2.8 million customers through a network of 573 branches and service centres providing a variety of traditional financial products, including retail mortgages, current and deposit accounts, commercial lending, unsecured lending, credit cards, treasury and investments. In addition, it provides specialist services such as Sharia-compliant products and mobile banking. Management of Barclays : Barclays Capital Fund Solutions (BCFS) is the investment management business of Barclays Capital, the investment banking division of Barclays Bank PLC. The emergence of new asset classes, growth in demand for derivative solutions and an investor shift towards absolute returns have identified a strong necessity for an alternative fund management approach that: Offers clients greater customisation of investment management products Uses state-of-the art financial thinking but is adaptive to changes in the investment environment Delivers multi-asset class performance, with the flexibility to access new asset classes as they emerge Considers the complexities of multi-jurisdictional investors and asset bases to deliver pragmatic financial solutions The BCFS business model and approach focus on this evolving market segment. BCFS combines its multi-jurisdictional fund expertise with world-class structuring, derivatives trading and asset allocation expertise to deliver applied investment innovation in fund management across all asset classes. The BCFS team is advised by Barclays Capitals award-winning research team. Key Attributes Since launch of the first fund in January 2006, BCFS has: Attracted leading investors, establishing a significant fund business and market leadership in applied investment innovation Established a diverse client base from insurance companies, asset managers and corporate treasuries to family offices and private banking investors Provided exposure to multiple asset classes including equities, commodities, interest rates, foreign exchange, fixed income, emerging markets, hedge funds and property Grown assets under management to more than USD 6bn* in structured and quantitative strategies and manages more than 70 funds Built a global footprint with funds distributed throughout South America, Europe and Asia Pacific Increased its strong front- to back-office team to 70 Supply Chain for Barclays : Performance Measures of Barclays :

Genetically Modified Organisms: The European Union vs. The United State

Genetically Modified Organisms: The European Union vs. The United States "By increasing the fertility of the land, it increases its abundance. The improvements of agriculture too introduce many sorts of vegetable foods, which, requiring less land and not more labor than corn, come cheaply to the market." -Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Book I.XI.n The United States and the European Union are currently in dispute over the trade of genetically modified organisms. These altered plants produce more fruit per acre than traditional methods of farming while protecting the species from insects, environmental changes, and mutations. The output coupled with the benefits of environmental protection yield better products at a cheaper price for consumers. Adam Smith would favor the technologies of genetic modification because the fertility of the land increases, as well as its abundance. This growth results in more agricultural products on the market that require less land for cultivation, and no increase in labor. The consumer is then presented with a cheaper price because there eliminates the need to incur great labor costs and, at times, crop protection inputs such as pesticides. The European Union should allow these products to enter their market freely, to provide the maximum gain to EU consumers. BIOTECHNOLOGY What is a GMO? GMO stands for a ‘genetically modified organism’. A GMO is artificially developed by scientists to produce specific results such as sustain life through a drought or produce a greater quantity of fruit per plant (Monsanto Corporation:1999). This practice began centuries ago when plants and animals were selectively bred and microorganisms were us... ...ld dominate trade talks." Voice of Agriculture. http://www.fb.org Smith, Adam. 1981 [1776]. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis, Indiana: Liberty Press. Trans-Atlantic Business Dialouge. 1998. "Agri-Foods Biotechnology Group Progress Report and Summary of Findings." http://www.eabc.org/progress.htm The United States Department of Agriculture. 1998. "Biotechnology." http://www.useu.be/AGRI/biotech.html The United States Mission to the European Union. 1999. "EU Committee Accepts Two Labeling Proposals For Biotech Food." http://www.useu.be __________. 1999. "USTR Official Position on Biotechnology and Trade." http://www.useu.be __________. 1998. "Genetically Modified Organisms." http://www.useu.be Wambugu, Florence. 1999. "Why Africa needs agricultural biotech." Nature. Volume 400. http://www.nature.com Genetically Modified Organisms: The European Union vs. The United State Genetically Modified Organisms: The European Union vs. The United States "By increasing the fertility of the land, it increases its abundance. The improvements of agriculture too introduce many sorts of vegetable foods, which, requiring less land and not more labor than corn, come cheaply to the market." -Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Book I.XI.n The United States and the European Union are currently in dispute over the trade of genetically modified organisms. These altered plants produce more fruit per acre than traditional methods of farming while protecting the species from insects, environmental changes, and mutations. The output coupled with the benefits of environmental protection yield better products at a cheaper price for consumers. Adam Smith would favor the technologies of genetic modification because the fertility of the land increases, as well as its abundance. This growth results in more agricultural products on the market that require less land for cultivation, and no increase in labor. The consumer is then presented with a cheaper price because there eliminates the need to incur great labor costs and, at times, crop protection inputs such as pesticides. The European Union should allow these products to enter their market freely, to provide the maximum gain to EU consumers. BIOTECHNOLOGY What is a GMO? GMO stands for a ‘genetically modified organism’. A GMO is artificially developed by scientists to produce specific results such as sustain life through a drought or produce a greater quantity of fruit per plant (Monsanto Corporation:1999). This practice began centuries ago when plants and animals were selectively bred and microorganisms were us... ...ld dominate trade talks." Voice of Agriculture. http://www.fb.org Smith, Adam. 1981 [1776]. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis, Indiana: Liberty Press. Trans-Atlantic Business Dialouge. 1998. "Agri-Foods Biotechnology Group Progress Report and Summary of Findings." http://www.eabc.org/progress.htm The United States Department of Agriculture. 1998. "Biotechnology." http://www.useu.be/AGRI/biotech.html The United States Mission to the European Union. 1999. "EU Committee Accepts Two Labeling Proposals For Biotech Food." http://www.useu.be __________. 1999. "USTR Official Position on Biotechnology and Trade." http://www.useu.be __________. 1998. "Genetically Modified Organisms." http://www.useu.be Wambugu, Florence. 1999. "Why Africa needs agricultural biotech." Nature. Volume 400. http://www.nature.com

India on its way to become manufacturing hub

India as WorldS Manufacturing Hub For long, Taiwan and China have been at the outsourcing manufacturing boom in Asia. So much so, that 80% of toys sold in the US are made in China. But things are slowly working in favor of India. India is on its way to become a major contract manufacturing hub. There is a huge opportunity In manufacturing waiting to be tapped. A new India Is transiting from a third world country status to a league of developed nations. It Is the world's third-largest repository for foreign direct investment (FDA), after China and America. Goldman Sash's Report (Brazil, Russia,India, and China – BRICE major players), projects India as a potential winner ahead of China and would overtake U. S. A. And China by 2025 in terms of Real GAP. India- Past & Present The ass's, ass's and ear ass's: There was dominance of Public Sector across industry. The market was mainly governed by sellers with limited competition. There existed closed Economy with negligible presence of multinationals. GAP growth was below 4% (Hindu rate of growth) and primarily agriculture based. India post 1991 and counting: 100% FDA in most sectors has seen Pepsi, Coke, Shell, Ford, GM.Suzuki.. Toyota, Ames, Citibank, GE, Microsoft, Pfizer, Innovation, ASK, Merck operation in India (availability of world class products). A new India is transiting from a third world country status too league of developed nations. Current Scenario: Indian's manufacturing sector Is gaining momentum and has been ranked fourth In terms of textiles, tenth in leather and leather products etc. Government of India, to promote exports and make India a manufacturing hub, has taken various initiatives including the development of Special Economic Zones.Major global companies have already invested in India to name a few like Samsung, LAG, Suzuki, Soda Auto, Philips re among the some who have already invested and most of the global giants have stated the process to enter In India STRENGTH: The country has become a manufacturing outsourcing destination because of cheap labor, talented and knowledgeable workforce, supportive governmental policies, improved quality control measures, world-class technology and consistent economic growth. The most promising sectors for India are auto components, pharmaceuticals, electronic hardware, apparel, foot ware, toys and specially chemicals.Cost of employing engineers – essential to manufacturing services – is en-third to one-fifth lower in India than in industrialized nations such as the UK and the US There is adequate availability of manpower and skills. WEAKNESS: India is growing by leaps and bounds but there is a major problem of unemployment. There is an immediate need to generate 10 million Jobs per year. And above all, due to multi party rule, India need to accommodate political ideology with economic reality (reservation, labor law reforms). Growth has been urban centric.Rigidity in labor laws is also contributing to higher ca pital intensive. Population increase of about 100 million in last 5 years, which has seen about 50 lion new Jobs, is largely in the unrecognized sector. Transaction costs are high due to capacity constraints at ports resulting in delays. Opportunities: India has become a growth destination for several global companies. Organizations are becoming increasingly competitive on the efficiency and flexibility of their supply chains and not merely on their product features and quality.They have realized that being technology driven and updated is the key to compete in the global market. Fastest growing sectors: Automotive: The Indian automobile sector currently generates revenues of $34 billion a year; Auto sector could grow to $145 billion by 2016. India has gradually become a sourcing hub for auto companies worldwide. Among the companies outsourcing from India are General Motors, Ford, Daimler Chrysler, Handy, Fiat, Toyota, Delphi, Invariants, Visited, Cummins and Caterpillar.Healthcare & Pharmacy: Indian's Pharmacy market ranks 4th in the world in volume and 13th in domestic consumption value. Indian pharmacy market estimated at US$ 3. 8 billion ranks 12th in value terms and accounts for around 1% of the global market. Expected to grow at 12-14% p. A. , as against the global average of 6-8%. At the current pace of growth, IIS$ 2 billion industry by 2012. Construction: The Indian construction industry grew by 5. 5 % to reach a value of $35 billion in 2006. The sector will continue to grow at a CARR of 6. 5% to reach $38 billion by 20011 representing an increase of 35. % since 2004. India accounts for 4. 7% of the Asia- Pacific construction and engineering market. Retail: Indian retail industry ranked second most attractive retail destination by AT Carney. The total domestic retail market is currently estimated to be over IIS$ 330 billion and is growing at a rate of 4-6 % in real terms. Organized sector accounts for Just 2 % of he market (I. E. IIS$ 4 billion)- expe cted to grow four-fold to IIS$ 15 billion by 2012. There are 12 million retail outlets in India out of which 9 lack are in the organized sector.Computer hardware: The rapid growth of software exports has attracted thousands of people into the industry and has stimulated the demand for computers. Sales of personal computers rose by 20% in 2004-05, to MN. Import liberation's and the entry of foreign manufacturers has transformed this industry, which, until five years ago, was tiny and dominated by a few Indian manufacturers. The ease of importing components as nurtured hundreds of unbranded assemblers, which command 62% of the market. Biotechnology: Huge potential from large base of skilled technical personal and the lower costs.Number of biotechnology firms in India has increased exponentially over the years. Developing biotech based therapeutic products takes 10-15 years and costs $ 500 million to $1 billion. Similar product development cost in India is $ 250 million or even lower. Opportunity for new investments is estimated to be in the $ 1. 5 to $ 2 billion range. Food processing: India – One of the largest food producers of the world. Output of the organized segment – IIS$ 34,827 million. Marine and Spices together contribute more than 70% of export earnings. Investment requirement is around IIS$ 15 billion.The Indian scientific and research talent – a knowledge source that can be tapped for advantage. Steel: India produced 31. Mm tones of crude steel in 2004-05, making it one of the ten largest steel producers in the world. Landscapes demand from China as well as strong domestic demand, particularly by consumer -durables and automotive manufacturers and the construction sector are the key drivers of production growth. Around 40% of output is produced in integrated steel plants; the remaining comes from mint-plants, of which over 180 exist, almost all in the private sector.Light Engineering: The size of Indian Light Engineering industr y is estimated at US $ 7 billion. In India, the light engineering industry has a diverse industrial base with significant unrecognized market. The exports from the light engineering industry in India mainly consists of structured steel products; motorcycles, cycles and auto components; machine tools; fans, filters and pumps; and metal machine tool parts. The products veered under the engineering industry are largely used as input to the capital goods industry. Textiles: Textiles account for around one -fifth of total export earnings.Because the government discriminated for decades against integrated textile mills, with the aim of helping cottage handloom, most mills closed down. Production in the textile industry is based on a decentralized system with continuing small-scale reservation for many items. The industry has a natural competitive advantage in terms of a strong and large multi-fiber base, abundant cheap skilled labor and presence cross the entire value chain of the industr y ranging from spinning and weaving to the final manufacture of garments. Threat: India faces competition from other developing countries, especially China.Continuous Quality Improvement is need of the hour as there are different demand patterns all over the world. Presence of Quota system leads to rigidity in Export Demand. International labor and Environmental Laws do not strike trade-off between demand and supply. Power crises and the virtuous growth cycling manufacturing sector needs immediate attention. Large informal sector, poor irking condition and low wages pose equal threat to the growth of economy in India. Inclusion of social (Labor) issues in trade dialogues generally found in exports (e. G. Child labor). High corruption and inadequate environmental safety norms affect sustainability. INDIAN'S PROSPECTS: The nations who are competitive with India are facing some or the other predicaments. Brazil is uncomfortable with force inflows and so has given its manufacturing base . Its reluctance was evident in the imposition of a 2 per cent transaction tax on capital flows. Russia is a basket case and unless oil recovers to tuning heights, internal demand is unlikely to resurface any time soon; hence, it has very little potential to attract firms to set up shop.China is not a trusted partner; investors have learnt that China makes it easy to get in but difficult to operate. The lack of protection of hard-earned PR is a major issue in China. Restrictions on borrowing from local banks for working capital can also work as a disadvantage. Reason for optimism of the world towards Indian market: Large intellectual capital base Annual additions to the stock of science and engineering graduates Demand side – Expanding domestic market Total number of households to increase from 188. 2 million in 2001-02 to 221. Million by 2009-10 Benefits to Indian people due to the changing industrial scenario: Enterprises In Wealth Creation Government In Revenue And Employm ent Employees In Development And Increase In Standard Of Living Customers – Value For Money (Choice, Affordability And Speed) From an Indian industry perspective, the emerging situation may drive three trends. Within the next year or two, India should witness growth in demand and hence capacity in manufacturing. The driver will be higher internal demand and, in a short while, the needs of customers overseas.In three or five years, India will have to develop contract manufacturing skills. A supplier must be able to make the components he or she is good at, source components and parts, assemble and test to deliver directly to the manufacturer. This cannot happen in China as the reliability of many firms, except those that have moved with their partners form Singapore or Malaysia, is suspect. In the long term, Indian manufacturers will have to develop and build, design and development partnerships. Many entrepreneurs are considering investments in small power plants to beat the lack of electricity.

Laundry Detergent Glowing Skull

Laundry Detergent Glowing Skull If you have laundry detergent, you can make a glow-in-the dark skull that you can put on your sidewalk or window that will be invisible during the day but will glow at night. Heres how you do it. Glowing Skull Materials You only need a few basic household materials for this project, plus a black light. Liquid laundry detergent or else mix powdered detergent with a bit of waterSponge or paper towelArtistic talent or else a stencilBlack light Make the Decoration Download a skull stencil pattern and print it.Cut out the eyes, nose, and mouth of the skull.Select the location for your decoration. You may wish to choose part of the front walkway near a porch light so you can switch out the normal light bulb for a black light. You could also use a black light and an extension cord to put the decoration anywhere. This project works well on a sidewalk or a wall. You could put the skull on a windowpane if you wanted.Dampen a sponge or paper towel with liquid laundry detergent. You want it wet enough to deposit the color, but not dripping wet.Place the stencil where you want the decoration.Blot over the stencil with the detergent-coated sponge to fill in the shapes of the skull. If you mess up badly, just wash it off and try again.Turn on the black light when you want to see the decoration. Turn the light off when you dont want to see it. Wash away the picture when Halloween is over. How It Works Laundry detergents contain brightening agents that glow when exposed to light. They are intended to make whites appear whiter by adding a bit of blue light to them under ultraviolet light, like in sunlight or under fluorescent lights. When you shine a black light on detergent, you get a very bright glow. The glow is bright enough that you dont need total darkness to get a nice effect.

Can Jurors Ask Questions During Trials

Can Jurors Ask Questions During Trials The trend of jurors asking questions while a trial is going on is becoming more popular in courtrooms across the country. There are some states that now require it by law, including Arizona, Colorado, and Indiana. Many times highly technical testimony may alienate the average juror to the point where they stop paying attention and begin faking that they understand what is being said. Because of this, lawyers have become more reluctant to take cases where they risk verdicts that are derived from uninformed and bored jurors who do not understand the applicable laws. Case studies of trials that have been reviewed have shown that when jurors could ask questions during the trial, there were fewer incidents of verdicts that lacked a sound understanding of the evidence that was presented.​ CEATS Inc. v. Continental Airlines Experimentation has been done to gauge the effectiveness of permitting jurors to ask questions during trial. An example was in the CEATS Inc. v. Continental Airlines trial. Chief Judge Leonard Davis asked jurors to write down questions that they had after each witness testified. Out of earshot of the jury, the lawyers and judge then reviewed each question, which did not identify which jury member asked it. The judge, with attorney input, selected the questions to ask and informed the jurors that the selected questions were decided by him, not the lawyers, to avoid a juror getting insulted or holding a grudge because their question was not selected. The attorneys could then expound on the questions, but were specifically asked not to include the jurors questions during their closing arguments. One of the major concerns of allowing jurors to ask questions was the amount of time it would take to review, select, and answer the questions. According to Alison K. Bennett, MS, in the article Eastern District of Texas Experiments with Jurors Questions During Trial, Judge Davis said that the additional time added about 15 minutes to the testimony of each witness. He also said that the jurors appeared more engaged and invested in the proceedings and that the questions asked showed a level of sophistication and understanding from the jury that was encouraging. The Pros of Allowing Jurors to Ask Questions Most jurors want to render a fair verdict based on their understanding of the testimony. If jurors are unable to obtain all the information that they need to make that decision, they may become frustrated with the process and ignore the evidence and testimony that they could not decipher. By becoming active participants in the courtroom, jurors get a more in-depth understanding of courtroom procedures, are less likely to misunderstand the facts of a case and develop a clearer perspective on which laws apply or do not apply to the case. Jurors questions can also help lawyers get a feel for what they are thinking and can influence how lawyers continue to present their cases. It is also a good tool to reference when preparing for future cases. The Cons of Allowing Jurors to Ask Questions The risks of allowing a jury to ask questions can mostly be controlled by how the procedure is handled, although there are still other problems that may arise. They include: A juror who wants to display their superior understanding of the case or one that talks too much could become taxing and annoying to other jurors as well as add unnecessary time to the trial proceedings. It also puts lawyers and judges at risk if they display signs of fatigue or annoyance with trying to control someone with these characteristics. The fallout could result in the juror feeling alienated and resentful which could have a harmful effect on jury deliberations.A question could be asked that jurors feel essential, but in reality, has little legal significance to the outcome of the trial. Such a question could end up carrying too much weight when jurors begin their deliberations.There is also a risk that the questions not asked by a jury could imply that they do not understand the evidence being presented or realize the significance of the evidence presented. Alternatively, it may mean that they do not have additional questions because they completely understand what has been presented. This could put lawyers at a disadvantage. If the jury does not understand the evidence enough to ask questions, a lawyer may change their strategy and spend more time with testimony that helps explain the evidence. However, if the jury does have a full understanding of the evidence, additional time spent on the same information could be viewed as repetitive and boring and the lawyer risks being audibly muted by jurors. The risk of a witness answering a jurors question that has been rendered inadmissible.Jurors may take the position of being an adversary of a witness rather than being interested in all of the facts of the case.Jurors may rate the importance of testimony if a judge does not elect to ask a witness a jurors question. They may feel it is not important testimony because it was not worthy of additional time spent to review it.A question may be allowed by a judge by mistake and become the reason the verdict is later appealed.Lawyers fear losing control over their case and trial strategy, especially if a question is asked by a juror that lawyers have purposely avoided mentioning during a trial. There is a concern that jurors with questions may decide on their verdict too early. Procedure Determines Success of Jury Questions Most of the problems that could develop from jurors asking questions can be controlled by a strong judge, through careful review of the questions and through using a proactive process through which jurors can submit questions. If the judge is reading the questions, and not the jurors, a garrulous juror can then be controlled. Questions that do not have significant importance to the overall outcome of the trial can be skipped. Questions that appear to appear bias or are argumentative can be reworded or discarded. However, it does give the judge an opportunity to review the importance to jurors of remaining impartial until the trial is over. Cases Studies of Jurors Asking Questions Professor Nancy Marder, director of IIT Chicago-Kents Jury Center and author of the book The Jury Process, researched the effectiveness of juror questions and determined that the justice is fully served when a jury is informed and understands all the mechanisms that go into their role as juror, including testimony given, evidence shown and how laws should or should not be applied. She goes on to emphasize that judges and lawyers can benefit by taking a more jury-centric approach to court proceedings, which means considering questions that jurors may have through the jurors perspective rather through their own. By doing so will improve the performance of the jury as a whole. It can also enable a jury to remain present and focused on what is going on, rather than have them obsess on an unanswered question. Unanswered questions could promote a feeling of apathy towards the remainder of the trial if they fear that they have failed to understand important testimony. Understanding the Dynamics of a Jury In Marders article, Answering Jurors Questions: Next Steps in Illinois, she looks at the pros and cons of several examples of what can happen when jurors are permitted or legally bound to ask questions, and one major point that she mentions is in regards to the dynamics that occur among a jury. She discusses how within groups of jurors there is a tendency for those who failed to understand testimony to look to other jurors who they deem as being better informed. That person ultimately becomes an authority figure in the room. Often their opinions carry more weight and will have more influence over what the jurors decide. When jurors questions are answered, it helps create an environment of equality and each juror can participate and contribute to the deliberations rather than being dictated to by those who appear to have all the answers. If a debate does arise, all jurors can inject their knowledge into the discussion without feeling uninformed. By doing this, jurors are more likely to vote independently, rather than to be overly influenced by a single juror. According to Marders research, the positive results of jurors moving out of passive roles of observers to active roles which allow them to ask questions has far outweighed the more negative concerns of lawyers and judges.​​​

Reading responce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading responce - Assignment Example Tan further proves that her mother’s English is â€Å"imperfect† by citing several circumstances experienced by her mother (78). She also points out that her mother has noticed her own limitations as she was asked to pretend to be Mrs. Tan on a phone call one time, and talked to doctors when her mother needed to get more information about findings (78). This article shows the power of language, English specifically, in society. Similar to what is shown, people who are relatively â€Å"good† in English tend to ignore those comparatively â€Å"poor† in communicating their ideas. In communities today individuals likely equate the inability of â€Å"perfect† verbalization to lack of comprehension, which is unlikely in most cases. The complexity of language contributes to how one may find it difficult to speak flawlessly, but does not necessarily imply one’s being â€Å"limited.† This essay, showing the author’s vivid understanding of her mother’s imperfect English as a daughter rather than a writer, gives readers an eye-opener of how they should pattern their language depending on who they are talking to, without

Why water is our thirst - Quencher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Why water is our thirst - Quencher - Essay Example Whenever thirsty, most animals including human beings search for water event if it takes them to cover long journeys to exact points of open and reachable water. Similarly, plants would dry and curl their leaves during dry spells but regain full life during cold or wet seasons. From the above, it is totally arguable that water is the perfect thirst quencher. It is important to note that most of the body organs in human body and any animal works and properly execute their functions when moist. To be moist, the organs must be able to absorb nearly fresh water with little salt concentration. Failure to absorb water will leave the organs dry and at high temperatures. The high temperatures will cause serious burning effect that will work to suffocate that particular animal (Nicholson, 2010). In case of human beings, concentrated drinks like sodas, tea or coffee among others will have insignificant effect when taken during serious thirst. This is due to the significant acidic and sugar contents characterized with most of the drinks. Instead of lowering the body temperatures and in effect moist dry body organs, the acid will increase the burning effect due to thirst. It is also worth noting that most if not all of the concentrated drinks contain numerous chemical substances that may pose threat of poisoning the body. This therefore makes them the worst option a person can regard when thirsty. Instead of supplying plenty of fresh water to the liver and kidney to facilitate the process of detoxification, the drinks will inject more poisons to the body system and eventually paralyze basic physiological processes (Nicholson, 2010). However, there are certain drinks that have low levels of acid concentration but with high water concentration. Such drinks include and not limited to blended fruit juices, which when taken can help reduce thirst. In fact, natural fruits tend to